Evidence mapPaperPMID 41233818Full record

ArticleBMC pediatrics2025

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccination on pediatric febrile seizures: a retrospective cohort study.

Mei Yang, Yanzu Wang, Jing Gao, Chunlan Yao, Gangxi Lin, Caijin Yan

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In one paragraph

Article in BMC pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Mei Yang *Department of Pediatrics, Xinglin Hospital of Xiamen, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xinglin Campus, No. 11 Xinglinhongdai Road, Jimei, Xiamen, 361022, People's Republic of China.
Yanzu Wang *Department of Pediatrics, Xinglin Hospital of Xiamen, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xinglin Campus, No. 11 Xinglinhongdai Road, Jimei, Xiamen, 361022, People's Republic of China.
Jing GaoDepartment of Pediatrics, Xinglin Hospital of Xiamen, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xinglin Campus, No. 11 Xinglinhongdai Road, Jimei, Xiamen, 361022, People's Republic of China.
Chunlan YaoDepartment of Pediatrics, Xinglin Hospital of Xiamen, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xinglin Campus, No. 11 Xinglinhongdai Road, Jimei, Xiamen, 361022, People's Republic of China.
Gangxi LinDepartment of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, Siming, Xiamen, 361003, People's Republic of China. lingangxi0592@126.com.
Caijin YanDepartment of Pediatrics, Xinglin Hospital of Xiamen, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xinglin Campus, No. 11 Xinglinhongdai Road, Jimei, Xiamen, 361022, People's Republic of China. yancaijin07562@sina.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study aimed to investigate the associations between SARS-CoV-2 variants, inflammatory markers, vaccination history, and demographic characteristics in relation to the occurrence of febrile seizures (FS) in pediatric patients at a single tertiary medical center.

methodsRetrospective cohort data were collected from a pediatric tertiary care institution between April 2020 and January 2023, encompassing 339 patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections. The cohort was separated into FS (n = 102) and control (n = 237) groups. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to evaluate the impact of viral variants (Delta and Omicron sublineages), inflammatory markers (IL-6, D-dimer, CRP), vaccination status (unvaccinated, partially vaccinated, fully vaccinated), and demographic variables, while controlling for potential confounders.

resultsThe incidence of FS among infants under one year of age was found to be 41.2%, in contrast to 17.7% in older children (OR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.8–5.7; P < 0.001). Elevated levels of IL-6 exceeding 10 pg/mL and D-dimer levels surpassing 0.5 mg/L were independently associated with an increased risk of recurrent FS (adjusted OR [aOR] = 2.8 and 2.1, respectively), as well as a 3.1-fold increase in the risk of recurrence. Full vaccination was linked to a 68% reduction in FS risk (aOR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.18–0.55), particularly benefiting infants. Additionally, male infants exhibited a 1.8-fold increased vulnerability (P = 0.016). Omicron sublineages (BA.5/XBB), which accounted for 78.4% of FS cases, correlated with heightened biomarker levels.

conclusionThe findings suggest that IL-6 and D-dimer serve as valuable indicators for assessing the risk of FS in children infected with SARS-CoV-2. The association of vaccination with reduced FS risk suggests potential protective effects, highlighting greater susceptibility among male infants. KEY POINTS: • Patients with FS had significantly higher IL-6 (> 10 pg/mL) and D-dimer (> 0.5 mg/L) levels than controls. These elevations were associated with an increased risk of recurrent FS. • Fully vaccinated children had a 68% lower incidence of FS compared to unvaccinated children. • Male infants showed higher FS incidence (41.2%), consistent with established demographic patterns.

Indexed as

COVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesSARS-CoV-2Seizures, FebrileVaccinationBiomarkersChildChild, PreschoolFemaleFibrin Fibrinogen Degradation ProductsHumansIncidenceInfantInterleukin-6MaleRetrospective StudiesBiomarkersCOVID-19 VaccinesFibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Productsfibrin fragment DInterleukin-6Biomarker thresholdsFebrile seizuresNeuroinflammationPediatric vaccinationSARS-CoV-2 variants (COVID-19)Sex disparities

Identifiers

PMID41233818
PMCPMC12613402

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.