ArticleBMC pediatrics2025
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccination on pediatric febrile seizures: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Immunological mechanisms and prevention strategies for febrile seizures in children.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to investigate the associations between SARS-CoV-2 variants, inflammatory markers, vaccination history, and demographic characteristics in relation to the occurrence of febrile seizures (FS) in pediatric patients at a single tertiary medical center.
methodsRetrospective cohort data were collected from a pediatric tertiary care institution between April 2020 and January 2023, encompassing 339 patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections. The cohort was separated into FS (n = 102) and control (n = 237) groups. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to evaluate the impact of viral variants (Delta and Omicron sublineages), inflammatory markers (IL-6, D-dimer, CRP), vaccination status (unvaccinated, partially vaccinated, fully vaccinated), and demographic variables, while controlling for potential confounders.
resultsThe incidence of FS among infants under one year of age was found to be 41.2%, in contrast to 17.7% in older children (OR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.8–5.7; P < 0.001). Elevated levels of IL-6 exceeding 10 pg/mL and D-dimer levels surpassing 0.5 mg/L were independently associated with an increased risk of recurrent FS (adjusted OR [aOR] = 2.8 and 2.1, respectively), as well as a 3.1-fold increase in the risk of recurrence. Full vaccination was linked to a 68% reduction in FS risk (aOR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.18–0.55), particularly benefiting infants. Additionally, male infants exhibited a 1.8-fold increased vulnerability (P = 0.016). Omicron sublineages (BA.5/XBB), which accounted for 78.4% of FS cases, correlated with heightened biomarker levels.
conclusionThe findings suggest that IL-6 and D-dimer serve as valuable indicators for assessing the risk of FS in children infected with SARS-CoV-2. The association of vaccination with reduced FS risk suggests potential protective effects, highlighting greater susceptibility among male infants. KEY POINTS: • Patients with FS had significantly higher IL-6 (> 10 pg/mL) and D-dimer (> 0.5 mg/L) levels than controls. These elevations were associated with an increased risk of recurrent FS. • Fully vaccinated children had a 68% lower incidence of FS compared to unvaccinated children. • Male infants showed higher FS incidence (41.2%), consistent with established demographic patterns.
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