Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41233941›Full record

SynthesisEuropace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology2025

Antiarrhythmic drugs for cardiac arrest with a shockable rhythm and their effect on outcomes: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Sebastian Schnaubelt, Christoph Veigl, Andrea Kornfehl, Roman Brock, Karina Tapinova, Mario Krammel, Brigitte Wildner, Samuel Sossalla, Alexander Niessner, Patrick Sulzgruber

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Sebastian SchnaubeltDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria.ORCID 0000-0003-0057-8200
Christoph VeiglDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-5556-2970
Andrea KornfehlDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria.
Roman BrockDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria.
Karina TapinovaDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria.ORCID 0000-0003-0755-4412
Mario KrammelEmergency Medical Service  Vienna, Radetzkystraße 1, Vienna 1030, Austria.ORCID 0000-0003-2023-6718
Brigitte WildnerUniversity Library, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-0683-0801
Samuel SossallaMedical Clinic I, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen and Department of Cardiology at Kerckhoff Heart Center, Bad Nauheim 61231, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Germany.
Alexander NiessnerDepartment of Cardiology, Clinic Landstraße, Vienna Healthcare Group, Juchgasse 25, Vienna 1030, Vienna, Austria.
Patrick SulzgruberPULS-Austrian Cardiac Arrest Awareness Association, Austria.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsAntiarrhythmic drugs are used during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to improve the chances of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in shockable rhythms. To date, their impact on clinical outcomes remains uncertain. This review aimed to provide an evaluation of respective up-to-date evidence. METHODS AND

resultsWe searched Embase, MEDLINE®, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Data on study design, population characteristics, antiarrhythmic drugs used, and predefined outcomes were extracted. A meta-analysis was conducted in groups with at least three studies reporting the same outcome. Additionally, we performed subgroup analysis according to the study design. Initially, 5080 studies were identified, and 29 were included, with, in total, 60 205 patients. A statistically significant difference in achieving ROSC was found comparing (i) lidocaine and no lidocaine, favouring lidocaine [odds ratio (OR) = 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11-2.32, P = 0.01]; (ii) nifekalant and lidocaine, favouring nifekalant (OR = 4.18, 95% CI: 2.23-7.83, P < 0.00001); and (iii) esmolol and no esmolol, favouring esmolol (OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.40-6.40, P = 0.005). For the effect on survival to hospital discharge, a significant difference between lidocaine and no lidocaine, favouring lidocaine (OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.02-2.7, P = 0.04), was found.

conclusionEvidence supporting the use of any antiarrhythmic drugs during CPR remains limited and is partly inconclusive. For the effect on survival to hospital discharge, a statistically significant difference was only found favouring the administration of lidocaine compared to no lidocaine. Further research with improved trial design and into novel drug options should be conducted.

Indexed as

Anti-Arrhythmia AgentsCardiopulmonary ResuscitationElectric CountershockOut-of-Hospital Cardiac ArrestHumansLidocainePyrimidinonesReturn of Spontaneous CirculationTreatment OutcomeAnti-Arrhythmia AgentsLidocainenifekalantPyrimidinonesAdvanced life supportAntiarrhythmicsCardiac arrestCardiopulmonary resuscitationMeta-analysisShockable rhythmSystematic review

Identifiers

PMID41233941
PMCPMC12677910

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.