ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2025
Construction and evaluation of a combined model of NAA/STZ-induced type 2 diabetes with carotid balloon injury in SD rats.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Diabetic macroangiopathy is a leading cause of disability and mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, but existing animal models have limitations such as complex genetic manipulation or long induction cycles. This study constructed and evaluated a combined model of nicotinamide (NAA)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2DM and carotid balloon injury in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: Sixty male SD rats were divided into four groups: control, VBI (only vascular balloon injury), T2DM (only NAA/STZ-induced T2DM), and T2DM+VBI (combined model) groups. T2DM was induced via NAA (110 mg/kg) followed by STZ (65 mg/kg); VBI was performed via a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) balloon catheter. Over 6 weeks, metabolic indicators [intake, excretion, body weight, and random blood glucose (RBG)] were monitored; carotid tissues were collected at 2, 4, and 6 weeks post-VBI for HE staining and immunohistochemistry (α-SMA, F4/80, and MMP-9); and blood cell counts and plasma biochemistry were analyzed. Results: The T2DM induction success rate was 90% (no mortality); the postoperative mortality rate was 14.3% in the T2DM+VBI group (vs. 7% in the VBI group). The T2DM and T2DM+VBI groups presented typical diabetic symptoms and persistent hyperglycemia. Histologically, only the VBI and T2DM+VBI groups exhibited time-dependent neointimal proliferation, with T2DM+VBI exhibiting a larger neointimal area, a greater proliferation index, more severe luminal stenosis (2-week hyperplasia comparable to VBI 6 weeks) and increased F4/80-positive macrophages/MMP-9 (poor plaque stability). No major organ abnormalities (except T2DM hepatic steatosis) or intergroup blood parameter differences were found. Conclusion: This combined model has stable hyperglycemia, obvious neointimal hyperplasia, rapid modeling and a high success rate (optimal observation window: 2-4 weeks post-VBI). It recapitulates diabetic macroangiopathy pathology and is suitable for investigating therapeutic efficacy and related molecular/cellular mechanisms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.