Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41235135›Full record

ArticleNeuroscience applied2025

Efficacy and safety of intravenously applied caffeine augmentation in electroconvulsive therapy.

Magdalena D Ridder, Sarah Ulrich, Richard Vettermann, Timur Liwinski, Gunnar Deuring, Jan Sarlon, Annette Brühl, Else Schneider

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In one paragraph

Article in Neuroscience applied, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Magdalena D RidderExperimental Cognitive and Clinical Affective Neuroscience (ECAN) Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research (DKF), University of Basel, Switzerland.
Sarah UlrichExperimental Cognitive and Clinical Affective Neuroscience (ECAN) Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research (DKF), University of Basel, Switzerland.
Richard VettermannExperimental Cognitive and Clinical Affective Neuroscience (ECAN) Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research (DKF), University of Basel, Switzerland.
Timur LiwinskiExperimental Cognitive and Clinical Affective Neuroscience (ECAN) Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research (DKF), University of Basel, Switzerland.
Gunnar DeuringExperimental Cognitive and Clinical Affective Neuroscience (ECAN) Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research (DKF), University of Basel, Switzerland.
Jan SarlonExperimental Cognitive and Clinical Affective Neuroscience (ECAN) Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research (DKF), University of Basel, Switzerland.
Annette BrühlExperimental Cognitive and Clinical Affective Neuroscience (ECAN) Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research (DKF), University of Basel, Switzerland.
Else SchneiderExperimental Cognitive and Clinical Affective Neuroscience (ECAN) Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research (DKF), University of Basel, Switzerland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a neuromodulation procedure that uses short electrical pulses causing a brief generalized seizure to treat depression, mania, schizophrenia, and catatonia. Achieving sufficient seizure length is crucial for maintaining therapeutic efficacy, as it influences treatment response. However, over successive sessions, seizure length becomes shorter requiring an increased energy set to generate a sufficient seizure, potentially causing more side effects. Caffeine augmentation offers a promising tool by enhancing neuronal excitability via adenosine receptor modulation. This retrospective study assessed the effects of intravenous caffeine citrate (200 mg) on seizure quality during ECT. Data from 276 ECT sessions across 69 patients at the University Psychiatric Clinics Basel were analyzed. We examined seizure indicators-EEG seizure length, peak heart rate, and energy set- by comparing the last two ECT sessions before caffeine administration with the first two sessions after, controlling for anesthetic effects and their interactions. Caffeine augmentation significantly increased EEG seizure length (

Indexed as

DepressionECTMDDPeak heart rateSeizure lengthSide effect

Identifiers

PMID41235135
PMCPMC12605645

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.