Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41236136›Full record

ArticleArthritis care & research2026

Validation of a Genetic Risk Score Combined With Clinical Variables for Predicting Pulmonary Fibrosis in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Mikael Brink, Austin Wheeler, Bryant R England, Solbritt Rantapää-Dahlqvist

Abstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Arthritis care & research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Mikael BrinkDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Rheumatology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-7675-3488
Austin WheelerDivision of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center & VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska.ORCID 0000-0002-8816-7782
Bryant R EnglandDivision of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center & VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska.ORCID 0000-0002-9649-3588
Solbritt Rantapää-DahlqvistDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Rheumatology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-8259-3863

Funding

ReumatikerförbundetStiftelsen Konung Gustaf V:s 80-årsfondUmeå UniversitetVetenskapsrådet 2018-02551
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivePulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a severe extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to externally validate a genetic risk score (GRS) and a combined risk score (CRS) for predicting the risk of RA-associated PF in an independent cohort of patients with early RA.

methodsThis study used an inception cohort of 1,118 patients diagnosed with RA from northern Sweden between 1996 and 2016. Clinical data were systematically collected, and genotyping was performed for 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with idiopathic PF. Statistical analyses, including logistic regression and area under the curve (AUC) assessments, were conducted to evaluate the performance of the GRS and in combination with clinical data as the CRS in predicting RA-PF development.

resultsOf the 1,115 patients with complete data, 60 (5.6%) were diagnosed with PF. PF was significantly associated with age, rheumatoid factor positivity, disease activity, and MUC5B (rs35705950) and FAM13A(rs2609255) SNPs. The GRS demonstrated a significant association with RA-PF (odds ratio 2.6, 95% confidence interval 1.6-4.5), whereas the CRS exhibited superior performance (AUC 0.75, P < 0.001) compared to the GRS alone (AUC 0.62). The combined risk score outperformed the GRS in discriminating RA-PF, indicating its potential utility in clinical practice.

conclusionThis study provides external validation of the Veterans Affairs Rheumatoid Arthritis Registry interstitial lung disease GRS (VARA-ILD-GRS) and the VARA-ILD-CRS in an RA cohort, demonstrating their generalizability and effectiveness in identifying individuals at high risk for RA-ILD. The findings support the integration of genetic and clinical data in risk stratification models, which could significantly improve screening strategies for patients with RA at risk of developing PF.

Indexed as

Arthritis, RheumatoidPolymorphism, Single NucleotidePulmonary FibrosisAdultAgedFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenetic Risk ScoreGTPase-Activating ProteinsHumansMaleMiddle AgedMucin-5BPredictive Value of TestsReproducibility of ResultsRisk AssessmentFAM13A protein, humanGTPase-Activating ProteinsMUC5B protein, humanMucin-5B

Identifiers

PMID41236136
PMCPMC13206375

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.