ReviewWorld journal of urology2025
Bispecific antibodies in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: therapeutic strategies and frontier advances.
Review in World journal of urology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
purposeTo summarize the therapeutic strategies, efficacy, safety, and advances of bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), and analyze their current challenges and future directions.
methodsA comprehensive review of latest BsAb research in mCRPC was conducted. Studies on BsAbs targeting key antigens (PSMA, STEAP1, PSCA) were collated, covering their design, mechanisms, preclinical/clinical data. Efficacy (PSA response, tumor regression), toxicity (cytokine release syndrome [CRS]), and limitations of BsAb constructs were analyzed.
resultsBsAbs (especially bispecific T-cell engagers [BiTEs]) act by redirecting T cells to lyse tumor cells via dual targeting of tumor antigens and T-cell receptors. BsAbs like AMG 160, MOR209/ES414, and Acapatamab showed potent antitumor activity-30.4% of mCRPC patients had confirmed PSA responses in Acapatamab's phase I study. However, clinical use is limited by dose-limiting toxicities (CRS up to 98.2%), immunogenicity, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Strategies like optimizing BsAb structure, adding costimulatory signals, and combining with checkpoint inhibitors are explored to improve efficacy and reduce toxicity.
conclusionsBsAbs are a promising therapeutic strategy for mCRPC, with potential to improve outcomes in this poorly treatable disease. Addressing challenges (toxicity, tumor microenvironment, response durability) via research and trials is key to unlocking their full potential. Future research should focus on optimizing constructs, exploring novel targets, and developing combination therapies to advance BsAbs in prostate cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.