ArticleTissue engineering and regenerative medicine2025
Derivation of Granulosa-Like Cells from Human Endometrial iPSCs for Autologous Estradiol Production.
Article in Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Ligand-based directed differentiation to produce granulosa-like cells expressing steroidogenic enzyme genes.Stem cell research · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGranulosa-like cells (GLCs) were differentiated from human endometrium-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (heiPSCs). This study aimed to establish a GLC differentiation protocol as a defined means to produce autologous estradiol (in vitro), highlighting its therapeutic potential as an alternative to conventional menopausal hormone therapy.
methodsEndometrial cells from hysterectomy specimens were reprogrammed into iPSCs using episomal vectors encoding SOX2, OCT4, c-MYC, and KLF4. Differentiation was induced using Activin A and CHIR99021 for mesoderm induction, followed by BMP4, Follistatin, and bFGF. Gene expression, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence were analyzed at each stage. Estradiol production was quantified by ELISA, and its effect on endometrial cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay.
resultsResults: The roles of small molecules and growth factors in directing stem cells toward functional chondrocytes are also discussed. Additionally, we briefly examine the emerging integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in cartilage tissue engineering. AI applications such as predicting differentiation outcomes, monitoring chondrogenic progression in real-time, and identifying small-molecule enhancers are poised to accelerate discovery and standardization in the field.
conclusionGLCs expressing the key markers and capable of E2 production were successfully derived from heiPSCs, which may be developed as a novel source for menopausal hormone therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.