Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41236736›Full record

ArticleJAMA network open2025

Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma After Hepatitis C Infection.

Rachel N Levinson, Ryan Bushman, Janet P Tate, Melissa Skanderson, Catherine Mezzacappa, Lesley S Park, Cynthia A Brandt, Kevin M Schuster, Gyanprakash A Ketwaroo, Yu-Xiao Yang and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in JAMA network open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Rachel N LevinsonSection of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
Ryan BushmanSection of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
Janet P TateVA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.
Melissa SkandersonVA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.
Catherine MezzacappaSection of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
Lesley S ParkDepartment of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California.
Cynthia A BrandtVA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.
Kevin M SchusterDepartment of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
Gyanprakash A KetwarooSection of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
Yu-Xiao YangDivision of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Amy C JusticeVA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.
Louise L WangSection of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.

Funding

Short Term Research Training: Students in Health Professional SchoolsT35DK104689 · NIDDK · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI LLOYD G CANTLEY, Sarwat I Chaudhry · 2015 to 2026
$2.6M
BLRD VA IK2 BX005891NIDDK NIH HHS T35 DK104689
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Importance: Although hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an oncovirus, its association with the risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is unclear. In addition, it is unknown whether there is differential risk for PDAC across HCV genotypes. Objective: To assess the association between chronic HCV and PDAC. Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective, national, population-based cohort study was conducted across Veterans Health Administration (VA) sites. The study included veterans with HCV testing documented in the VA or VA-linked Medicare with at least 1 inpatient or outpatient visit between October 1, 2001, and September 30, 2020. Patients were followed-up for at least 18 months after this visit. Data were analyzed from October 2023 to September 2025. Exposure: HCV status was categorized as chronic HCV, exposure to HCV, or no chronic HCV infection. Main Outcomes and Measures: The association of HCV status with PDAC was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for demographic and clinical confounders. Analysis was substratified by HCV genotype. Results: Of 6 330 856 people tested for HCV (5 841 571 men [92.3%]; median [IQR] age, 61.6 years [49.9-70.1]), 246 218 (3.9%) had chronic HCV and 209 492 (3.3%) were exposed. Of the 33 451 individuals (0.5%) who developed PDAC, age at diagnosis was younger among those with vs those without HCV (median [IQR] age, 65.0 [59.9-69.6] years vs 72.4 [66.7-79.0] years). Compared with no HCV infection, chronic HCV infection (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.76; 95% CI, 1.67-1.86) and HCV exposure (aHR, 1.18; 95% CI; 1.11-1.25) were associated with increased risk of incident PDAC. Hazards for PDAC were greater for HCV genotype 3 (aHR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.67-2.45) and genotype 1 (aHR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.64-1.87) than for genotype 2 (aHR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.14-1.60) compared with no HCV infection. Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study of veterans, chronic HCV infection was associated with a 1.8-fold higher risk of PDAC diagnosis, and HCV genotypes 3 and 1 had greater PDAC risk than genotype 2. These findings prompt future research on the mechanisms underlying this association and the impact of HCV treatment on PDAC risk.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, Pancreatic DuctalHepatitis CHepatitis C, ChronicPancreatic NeoplasmsAgedFemaleGenotypeHepacivirusHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsUnited StatesVeterans

Identifiers

PMID41236736
PMCPMC12619103

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.