ArticlePloS one2025
Isoflurane anesthesia alters 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy markers compared to awake mouse brain.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Mitochondrial dysfunction in Wilson disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis across human and animal models.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Pooled it
- Anesthesia, perimortem conditions, and brain harvest method govern the measured metabolome: analysis of substandard samples generates flawed metabolite levels.Oxford open neuroscience · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Normal brain function hinges on energy-intensive processes. Consequently, alterations to the brain's metabolic state are common hallmarks in several pathological conditions. Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (31P MRS) is a noninvasive method for measuring key markers of brain energy metabolism, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP), inorganic phosphate (Pi), and phosphocreatine (PCr), as well as markers for cell membrane phospholipid turnover, phosphomonoester (PME) and phosphodiester (PDE). Preclinical rodent 31P MRS has so far been done under anesthesia - with isoflurane being one of the most commonly used anesthetic agents. The use of isoflurane in 31P MRS is a concern, as anesthetics are known to affect neuronal activity and energy metabolism in the brain. Its use therefore comes with a risk of perturbing brain physiology. Awake mouse MRS avoids this and allows the effect of isoflurane to be quantified. Thus, we here compare mouse brain 31P MRS in awake MR-habituated mice and isoflurane anesthesia. We find that 31P metabolite levels differ between the awake state and isoflurane anesthesia in mice. Our findings show that low-dose isoflurane anesthesia reduces PCr levels in the mouse brain and is accompanied by decreases in intracellular pH and decreased PME levels.
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