Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41239376›Full record

SynthesisBMC musculoskeletal disorders2025

Reliability of muscle architecture assessment using clinical ultrasound in post-stroke patients: a systematic review.

Yu-Ying Li, Wei Liu, Chang-Liang Luo, Shi-Fu Feng, Hui-Dong Wu, Lu Li, Shao-Chun Chen, Christina Zong-Hao Ma

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yu-Ying Li *Department of Prosthetic and Orthotic Engineering, School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
Wei Liu *Department of Prosthetic and Orthotic Engineering, School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
Chang-Liang LuoDepartment of Prosthetic and Orthotic Engineering, School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
Shi-Fu FengDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Hospital of Mile, Mile, China.
Hui-Dong WuDepartment of Prosthetic and Orthotic Engineering, School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
Lu LiDepartment of Prosthetic and Orthotic Engineering, School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
Shao-Chun ChenDepartment of Prosthetic and Orthotic Engineering, School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China. shaochunchen@126.com.
Christina Zong-Hao MaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China. czh.ma@polyu.edu.hk.

Funding

Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine - Science and Technology Development Project KFKY-2023-050Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Program 202301AT070268
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlterations in skeletal muscle architecture following stroke-induced neural injury serve as a major contributor to post-stroke motor impairment. Ultrasound has demonstrated promising potential for muscle assessment, however, its reliability in evaluating muscle in post-stroke patients was not systematically investigated. This systematic review aimed to synthesize available data on the reliability of ultrasound-based measurements of muscle architecture in post-stroke patients.

methodsLiterature searches were conducted across PubMed, Medline, CNKI, Embase, and Wed of Science using keywords of ultrasound (ultrasonic/echotomography) and stroke. Studies were included if they focused on the reliability of ultrasound-based muscle measurements in post-stroke patients. Data on reliability was extracted. Methodological quality was evaluated using a checklist proposed by Pretorius and Keating. The overall level of evidence was also determined.

resultsOf the 130,484 initial records identified, 13 studies were included. Among these, 12 were rated as high quality and 1 as low quality. Ultrasound demonstrated moderate-to-excellent reliability for measuring both muscle thickness and pennation angle in the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles, with intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) values ranging from 0.69 to 0.99, supported by strong evidence. Furthermore, it exhibited good-to-excellent reliability in assessing both cross-sectional area (ICC = 0.76-0.97 in gastrocnemius, biceps brachii, and flexor digitorum superficialis/profundus) and muscle length (ICC = 0.89-0.98 in TA, gastrocnemius, and biceps brachii), supported by moderate evidence. Similarly, moderate evidence also supported excellent reliability of ultrasound in assessing muscle volume in the TA (ICC > 0.90).

conclusionsUltrasound generally demonstrated moderate-to-excellent reliability for measuring muscle architecture parameters, including muscle thickness, pennation angle, cross-sectional area, muscle volume, and length, across various muscles in post-stroke patients, with supporting evidence rating from moderate to strong.

Indexed as

Muscle, SkeletalStrokeHumansReproducibility of ResultsUltrasonographyMuscle assessmentReliabilityStrokeUltrasound

Identifiers

PMID41239376
PMCPMC12619294

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.