ArticleMedComm2025
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Epidemiological Trends of Head and Neck Cancer: A Global Analysis.
Article in MedComm, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effects of metformin on head and neck cancer: an umbrella review.BMC cancer · 2026Pooled it
- piR‑164552 promotes malignant progression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via the RBM4/EIF4E2 signaling axis: Insights from multi‑omics and functional analyses.International journal of oncology · 2026Article
- Accelerated Biological Aging Increases the Risk of Head and Neck Cancer: Insights From Genetic Instruments of Epigenetic Clocks.Molecular carcinogenesis · 2026Article
- Article
- Recent advances in fluorescent probes for guided surgery of head and neck carcinomas.RSC advances · 2026Review
- Timing matters: concurrentTranslational cancer research · 2026Article
- Incidence, Risk Factors, and Epidemiological Trends of Head and Neck Cancer: A Global Analysis.MedComm · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a type of common cancer accounting for approximately 4.7% of all incident cancer cases in 2022. This study aims to investigate the trend of HNC on global distribution. We collected related data from the Global Cancer Observatory and Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus database, risk factor data at the country level, HDI, and GDP. Multivariable linear regression was conducted to assess HNC and risk factors. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to calculate Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC). The global age-standardized rate of HNC incidence was 9.8 in 2022. At the sub-region level, Melanesia (18.5), South Central Asia (16.2), and Eastern Europe (12.7) had the highest incidence of HNC. At the country level, Bangladesh (23.7) and Papua New Guinea (22.2) had the highest incidence. A higher HNC incidence ratio was associated with higher levels of smoking, alcohol drinking, unhealthy dietary behavior, diabetes, and lipid disorders. There was a rising trend in HNC for the female population, which may be attributed to the increase in female smoking. Mixed trends were observed in the male population, with decreasing trends observed in some high-HDI countries where smoking is better controlled. Future studies are recommended to investigate the epidemiological changes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.