ReviewInternational journal of nanomedicine2025
Multifunctional Applications of Extracellular Nanovesicles for Acute Kidney Injury and Renal Fibrosis; a Mini Review.
Review in International journal of nanomedicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Advances and perspectives of functional nanomaterials in scavenging reactive oxygen species for acute kidney injury.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released into body fluids, including blood, urine, saliva, pleural and peritoneal fluid, by various cell types through different mechanisms. Various types of EVs differ in structure and function; but, their common characteristic is carrying a variety of bioactive molecules such as RNA, proteins, and lipids. EVs can regulate the function of target cells through interaction with them. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and potentially serious clinical condition characterized by a rapid decline in renal function, manifested as abnormal classic indicators such as serum creatinine and decreased urine output. AKI not only affects the renal function of patients, but it is also closely related to dysfunction in other organs, including the lung, heart, brain, liver, intestine, and immune system. EVs by carrying bioactive molecules (eg, proteins, RNA, lipids) and mediating intercellular communication can play critical roles in inflammation, apoptosis, tubular injury, and fibrosis during AKI. Some key mechanisms of EVs in AKI pathophysiology include promoting tubular cell proliferation, enriching HMGB1/HSP70, leading to NF-Kβ/MAPK activation, and carrying pro-inflammatory molecules (eg, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6). In the context of renal fibrosis, EVs can directly participate in its pathogenesis by carrying pro-fibrotic factors and regulating fibroblast activity, accelerating the progression of fibrosis. Besides being involved in the pathogenesis, EVs can also serve as potential diagnostic tools and therapeutic agents against AKI and renal fibrosis. This narrative review summarizes the biogenesis, composition, and functional mechanisms of EVs in AKI as well as renal fibrosis pathogenesis, along with highlighting their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.