Evidence mapPaperPMID 41246300Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025

Applications of artificial intelligence in cancer immunotherapy: a frontier review on enhancing treatment efficacy and safety.

Ji'an Liu, Rao Fu, Yang Su, Zhengrui Li, Xufeng Huang, Qi Wang, Zhengqin Shi, Shouxin Wei

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ji'an LiuThe Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Rao FuThe Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Yang SuThe Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Zhengrui LiThe Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Xufeng HuangFaculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
Qi WangDepartment of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Zhengqin ShiDepartment of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China.
Shouxin WeiDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cancer immunotherapy represents a major breakthrough in oncology, particularly with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and CAR-T cell therapies. Despite improved outcomes, challenges such as immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and treatment resistance limit clinical use. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers new opportunities to address these barriers, including target identification, efficacy prediction, toxicity monitoring, and personalized treatment design. This review highlights recent advances in AI applications for biomarker discovery, safety evaluation, gene editing, nanotechnology, and microbiome modulation, integrating evidence from clinical and preclinical studies. We also discuss future directions and challenges in applying AI to cancer immunotherapy, aiming to support further research and clinical translation.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceImmunotherapyNeoplasmsAnimalsHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsTreatment OutcomeImmune Checkpoint Inhibitorsartificial intelligencebiomarkerscancer immunotherapyCAR-T cell therapyimmune checkpoint inhibitorsmachine learningpredictive modelingsafety assessment

Identifiers

PMID41246300
PMCPMC12615365

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.