ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
Microbiome and metabolomics analyses of the effect of heat-sensitive moxibustion on allergic rhinitis in rats.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Multi-omics insights into dietary zinc-mediated reprogramming of the gut-nasal ecosystem in allergic rhinitis.Frontiers in allergy · 2026Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Background: The original concept of acupoint sensitization theory was put forward in Huangdi Neijing, which believed that acupoints, as the reflecting parts of the body surface, are personalized, changeable, and sensitive. Heat-sensitive moxibustion has a good therapeutic effect on allergic rhinitis, but the mechanism is still unclear. Notably, acupoint sensitization in allergic rhinitis (AR) rats was accompanied by a distal thermal effect, with an increase in tail temperature (TTI) after 40 min of moxibustion. Objective: The objective was to utilize multi-omics techniques and correlation analysis to explore the unique mechanisms of heat-sensitive moxibustion in intervening in AR compared with traditional moxibustion from the perspectives of gut microbiota and metabolites. Methods: Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups: the ovalbumin (OVA) group (n = 27) and the control group (Con) (n = 9). The rat model of AR induced by standardized OVA was established through intranasal infusion after intraperitoneal OVA injection. Through behavioral scoring, nasal symptoms were evaluated, including nasal scratching, runny nose, and sneezing, to ensure the success of the modeling. The OVA group was randomly divided into the moxibustion group (n = 17) and the AR group (n = 8). Then, through suspended moxibustion for 40 min, they were divided into TTI, namely, the heat-sensitive moxibustion group (HM) (n = 8) and the non-TTI group (OM) (n = 8), and one subject was excluded. The levels of serum IL-4 and IgE were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the histological characteristics of nasal tissues were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining to determine the reliability of the AR rat model and the effectiveness of thermal sensitization. The V3 and V4 regions of the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene were analyzed from rat feces using 16S rDNA sequencing technology. In addition, non-targeted metabolomics was used to identify the differential metabolites in rat urine. Finally, through the comparison and correlation analysis of different bacterial microbiota and metabolites, we aimed to clarify the unique material basis of heat-sensitive moxibustion in the context of AR. Results: After the OVA modeling was completed, through behavioral score evaluation, we found that there were differences between the OVA group and the control group. After the intervention treatment, it was found that the levels of IgE and IL-4 in the AR group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Staining showed that moxibustion relieved nasal symptoms, and the thermal sensitization effect was satisfactory. We noticed that significant changes occurred in the flora under heat-sensitive moxibustion treatment. We investigated the mechanism of HM in treating AR using an integrated 16S rRNA sequencing technology and untargeted metabolomics. Our results showed that HM treatment ameliorated AR in rats. The high-throughput sequencing results indicate that HM significantly increased the relative abundance of species, such as Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadaceae, UCG-010, Conclusions: This study demonstrates that heat-sensitive moxibustion alleviates allergic rhinitis through a multi-targeted mechanism involving both the modulation of specific gut microbiota (notably
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