ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Exploring the structural basis and functional immunodynamics of immunoglobulin M in host defense against fungal pathogens.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- B cell immune response to Talaromyces marneffei infection in HIV-negative patients and rat models.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Biomarkers in Invasive Pulmonary Fungal Infections: Where Do We Stand?Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment of HIV-Negative Host PulmonaryInfection and drug resistance · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The rising prevalence of life-threatening fungal infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, necessitates a deeper understanding of all facets of the host immune response. While much focus has been placed on cellular immunity, the contribution of Immunoglobulin M (IgM), the first antibody produced during an immune response, remains a relatively underexplored area in the context of systemic mycoses. This comprehensive survey explores the role of IgM in antifungal immunity, with a focus on life-threatening fungal infections. As the earliest antibody isotype, IgM achieves remarkable binding diversity through germline-encoded V(D)J recombination without requiring somatic hypermutation. Its multimeric structure enables high-avidity recognition of fungal cell wall components, facilitating binding despite antigenic variability of opportunistic pathogens. While conserved fungal polysaccharides activate host pattern recognition receptors, pathogenic fungi have evolved exopolysaccharides that shield immunogenic motifs from detection. IgM recognizes these complex carbohydrate epitopes and triggers complement activation, enhancing opsonophagocytic clearance. Evolutionarily conserved across vertebrates, IgM provides critical broad-spectrum protection through germline-encoded diversity. Despite these advantages, IgM's therapeutic potential in systemic mycoses remains underexplored, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. This review presents evidence on the molecular basis and immunological functions of IgM, highlighting its contributions to immunity against pathogenic fungi and identifying promising avenues for translational research across various clinically relevant fungal species.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.