Evidence mapPaperPMID 41246557Full record

ReviewOncology letters2026

Cervical cancer immune microenvironment: Mechanisms of HPV-mediated immune evasion and advances in immunotherapy (Review).

Xiaojing Zhou, Ren An, Xiangjuan Li

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Oncology letters, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Xiaojing ZhouDepartment of The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China.
Ren AnDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P.R. China.
Xiangjuan LiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, P.R. China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cervical cancer, strongly associated with persistent infection by high-risk human papillomaviruses 16/18 (HPV 16/18), remains a major global health burden. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of cervical cancer plays a decisive role in tumor progression and therapeutic outcomes, where HPV oncoproteins E5, E6 and E7 disrupt antigen presentation, interfere with interferon signaling, activate immune checkpoints and induce metabolic reprogramming, thereby establishing an immunosuppressive TIME. Therapeutic advances, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., pembrolizumab in KEYNOTE-826, nivolumab in CheckMate 358), therapeutic vaccines and adoptive cell therapies, have shown promise but face challenges such as low response rates, resistance, stromal barriers and microbiome-related influences. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current understanding of the cervical cancer TIME, elucidate HPV-mediated immune evasion mechanisms, and to highlight recent advances and ongoing challenges in immunotherapy. Future directions include combination strategies, novel immune targets, and precision approaches integrating spatial multi-omics and microbiota modulation, which may improve immunotherapy efficacy and support personalized treatments for cervical cancer.

Indexed as

cervical cancerhuman papillomavirusimmune evasionimmunotherapytumor immune microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID41246557
PMCPMC12612796

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.