ArticleCureus2025
Clinical Spectrum and Outcomes of Typhoid Fever: A Retrospective Study.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Typhoid fever remains a major public health concern in endemic regions, characterized by diverse clinical manifestations and significant morbidity and mortality. Objective To evaluate the clinical spectrum, complications, and outcomes of patients with typhoid fever. Methods This retrospective study was conducted at Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from April 2022 to April 2025. A total of 305 patients with confirmed typhoid fever were included in the study. Patients were diagnosed through blood cultures or serological testing. Demographic information, presenting features, laboratory parameters, complications, treatment modalities, and outcomes were documented using a structured proforma. Results The mean age of patients was 22.6 ± 11.4 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.4:1. Fever was universal in 305 (100%), followed by abdominal pain in 189 (62.0%), loss of appetite 132 (43.3%), headache 123 (40.3%), diarrhea 106(34.8%), and constipation 74 (24.3%). Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were observed in 92 (30.1%) and 68 (22.3%) of cases, respectively. Blood cultures were positive in 238 (78.0%) of patients, with
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