Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41247417›Full record

ArticleJournal of neuropathology and experimental neurology2026

Systemic microbial antigen administration ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via MHC-II downregulation in the CNS and secondary lymphoid organs.

Marina Boziki, Paschalis Theotokis, Evangelia Kesidou, Eleni Karafoulidou, Ilias Salamotas, Anastasia Chatziefstratiadou, Olga Touloumi, Konstantinos Papadakos, Dionyssios Sgouras, Ofira Einstein and 2 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Marina BozikiLaboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Paschalis TheotokisLaboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-8607-6695
Evangelia KesidouLaboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Eleni KarafoulidouLaboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Ilias SalamotasLaboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Anastasia ChatziefstratiadouLaboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Olga TouloumiLaboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Konstantinos PapadakosLaboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece.
Dionyssios SgourasLaboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece.
Ofira EinsteinDepartment of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
Jannis KountourasSecond Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-6459-5136
Nikolaos GrigoriadisLaboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-4278-3301

Funding

Aristotle University of ThessalonikiEidikos Logariasmos Kondilion ErevnasSpecial Account for Research FundsSpecial Account for Research Funds of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Microbial stimuli modulate CNS neuroinflammation but the exact molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to delineate the effect of systemic pre-disease microbial antigen administration of 2 different microbial strains on systemic and CNS immune responses in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in wtC57/BL5 mice. The mice received either Helicobacter pylori (Hp) or E coli antigen or PBS by 3 weekly intraperitoneal injections prior to EAE induction. Mice subjected to microbial antigen administration displayed decreased disease incidence and severity compared to controls. These results were linked with reduced splenocyte proliferation against MOG peptide in vitro and decreased expression of chemoattractant chemokines in both peripheral lymphoid organs and the CNS compared to controls. EAE amelioration was associated with a relative increase in Iba1+ arginase+ anti-inflammatory microglia in the CNS and with reduced MHC-II expression levels in antigen-presenting cells, indicated by reduction of Tmem+MHC-II+ microglia and Ly6C+MHC-II+ monocyte-derived macrophages. Our data provide mechanistic insight into the immune tolerance induced via systemic administration of 2 different microbial strain antigens in the context of CNS autoimmunity, possibly via the modulation of antigen-presentation via non-myelin peptide-specific mechanisms.

Indexed as

Antigens, BacterialCentral Nervous SystemEncephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, ExperimentalHistocompatibility Antigens Class IILymphoid TissueAnimalsDown-RegulationEscherichia coliFemaleHelicobacter pyloriMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMyelin-Oligodendrocyte GlycoproteinAntigens, BacterialHistocompatibility Antigens Class IIMyelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoproteinantigen presentationEAEEscherichia coliHelicobacter pylorimacrophagesmajor histocompatibility complex type IImicroglia

Identifiers

PMID41247417
PMCPMC13017736

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.