Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41247466›Full record

ArticleTransplantation2026

APOL1 Genotype and Patient Outcomes in US and South African Transplant Recipients With HIV who Received Kidneys From Donors With HIV.

Robert Freercks, Moreno Rodrigues, Kathryn Manning, Jurgen Heymann, Jeffrey B Kopp, Savania Nagiah, Meenakshi Rana, Sander Florman, Rachel Friedman-Moraco, Peter Stock and 21 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Transplantation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

  • Update of
    2025
5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

31 authors.

Robert FreercksFaculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa.
Moreno RodriguesDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Kathryn ManningDepartment of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Jurgen HeymannDivision of Intramural Research, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD.
Jeffrey B KoppDivision of Intramural Research, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD.
Savania NagiahFaculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa.
Meenakshi RanaDepartment of Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY.
Sander FlormanDepartment of Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY.
Rachel Friedman-MoracoDepartment of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
Peter StockDepartment of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Alexander GilbertDepartment of Surgery, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.
Shikha MehtaDepartment of Surgery, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
Valentina StosorDepartment of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
Marcus R PereiraDepartment of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY.
Michele I MorrisDepartment of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL.
Jonathan HandDepartment of Surgery, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA.
Ghady HaidarDepartment of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
Maricar MalinisDepartment of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
Carlos A Q SantosDepartment of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, IL.
Joanna SchaenmanDepartment of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
Emily A BlumbergDepartment of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
David WojciechowskiDepartment of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
Jonah OdimTransplantation Branch, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD.
Allan MassieDepartment of Surgery, New York University, New York City, NY.
Miruthula Tamil SelvanDepartment of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Serena BagnascoDepartment of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Dorry SegevDepartment of Surgery, New York University, New York City, NY.
Aaron A R TobianDepartment of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Elmi MullerDepartment of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Christine M DurandDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Andrew D ReddDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.

Funding

HOPE in Action: A clinical trial of HIV-to-HIV deceased donor kidney transplantationU01AI134591 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI DURAND, CHRISTINE MARIE, SEGEV, DORRY L. · 2017 to 2021
$11.0M
Kidney Transplantation from Donors with HIV: Impact on Rejection and Long-term OutcomesU01AI177211 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Christine Marie Durand, DORRY L. SEGEV · 2023 to 2026
$6.9M
Unlocking the Potential of HIV-Infected Deceased Donors for Organ TransplantationR01AI120938 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI TOBIAN, AARON A · 2016 to 2021
$4.3M
T-cell depletion and maintenance of the HIV-1 latent reservoir in distinct tissue compartmentsR01DK131926 · NIDDK · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Melissa Laird Smith, AARON A TOBIAN · 2022 to 2026
$3.6M
Maximizing the success of HIV+ to HIV+ kidney transplantation in South AfricaU01AI152153 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN · PI MULLER, ELMI · 2020 to 2024
$900k
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI120938NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI134591NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI152153NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI177211NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK131926
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLower allograft survival has been demonstrated in kidney transplant recipients without HIV whose donors have 2 apolipoprotein L1 ( APOL1 ) renal risk variants (RRVs). The effects of APOL1 RRV on kidney transplant outcomes in people with HIV have not been fully assessed.

methodsGenomic DNA was analyzed for APOL1 RRV genotype using a probe-based assay in HIV-positive kidney transplant recipients (R + ) and their respective HIV-negative (D - ) or HIV-positive (D + ) kidney donors participating in HIV transplantation studies in South Africa (SA) and the United States (US). Allograft outcomes (time to first rejection, HIV-associated nephropathy, graft failure, or death) were compared by both donor and recipient RRV status.

resultsGenomic DNA was available for 21 donors with HIV and 38 HIV D + /R + recipients in the SA cohort, and 57 donors (40 D + and 17 D - ) and 119 recipients (49 HIV D + /R + and 70 D - /R + ) in the US cohort. Recipient outcomes were not associated with recipient APOL1 genotype. However, recipients whose donor carried 1 versus 0 APOL1 RRV were significantly more likely to experience a negative composite outcome ( P  < 0.02 for both cohorts independently), which led to an adjusted hazard ratio of a poor composite outcome of 2.9 (95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 7.4) and 10.1 (95% confidence interval, 2.4 to 42.7) in the SA and US cohorts, respectively.

conclusionsIn two independent cohorts, the presence of 1 APOL1 RRV in a donor kidney led to significantly worse posttransplant outcomes. Further research into the interaction between the allograft environment and donor APOL1 genotype in people with HIV is required.

Indexed as

Apolipoprotein L1ApolipoproteinsHIV InfectionsKidney TransplantationLipoproteins, HDLTissue DonorsAdultAIDS-Associated NephropathyFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenotypeGraft RejectionGraft SurvivalHumansMaleMiddle AgedAPOL1 protein, humanApolipoprotein L1ApolipoproteinsLipoproteins, HDL

Identifiers

PMID41247466
PMCPMC12998751

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.