Evidence mapPaperPMID 41247494Full record

ArticleDiabetologia2026

Artificial intelligence-driven clinical decision support systems to assist healthcare professionals and people with diabetes in Europe at the point of care: a Delphi-based consensus roadmap.

Mia Bajramagic, Tadej Battelino, Xavier Cos, Mark Cote, Nancy Cui, Angus Forbes, Alfonso Galderisi, Lutz Heinemann, Sufyan Hussain, Jessica Imbert and 9 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetologia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Technology in Diabetes: A Year in Review.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026
    Review
  2. Algor-Ethics in Diabetes Care: Mapping the Route.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Mia BajramagicUniversity of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia.
Tadej BattelinoFaculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, and University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0273-4732
Xavier CosCenter for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
Mark CoteDepartment of Digital Humanities, Kings College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6359-1627
Nancy CuiSanofi, Paris, France.
Angus ForbesDivision of Care in Long-Term Conditions, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3331-755X
Alfonso GalderisiDepartment of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Lutz HeinemannScience Consulting in Diabetes GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2493-1304
Sufyan HussainDepartment of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular, Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6611-8245
Jessica ImbertMedTech Europe, Brussels, Belgium.
Christian Holm JönssonNovo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark.
Michael JoubertDiabetes Care Unit, Caen University Hospital, UNICAEN, Caen, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8731-7355
Nebojša M LalićFaculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8082-6560
Moshe PhillipInstitute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel.
Peter SchwarzDepartment for Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität/TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Bart TorbeynsEUDF, Brussels, Belgium.
Deborah J WakeUsher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4376-6973
Katerina Zakrzewskaembecta Switzerland Sàrl, Eysins, Switzerland.
Stefano Del PratoInterdisciplinary Research Center 'Health Science', Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy. stefano.delprato@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-0270

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve the diagnosis, assessment and treatment of people with diabetes has the potential to drive a paradigm shift in diabetes care, both minimising treatment inertia and optimising clinical outcomes. This is a significant opportunity, given the predicted increase in the burden of diabetes over the next 20 years. However, there are concerns that regulatory processes for development and implementation of AI-driven technologies are not adequate for systems that may adapt to new data and change from their original performance characteristics as evaluated. The European Diabetes Forum (EUDF) convened a working group to review and investigate the unmet needs around implementation of AI technology in diabetes care. The working group developed the framework and focus of the accompanying analysis through a series of virtual and face-to-face meetings, including email conversations. The working group examined the key objectives for good diabetes care in the context of current and predicted AI-driven clinical decision support systems (AI-CDSS), including the outcomes for people with diabetes, the goals for personalised medicine and the implications for guideline-driven diabetes services and healthcare professionals. The process covered the needs of primary care healthcare professionals, who will shoulder the majority of diabetes care. The challenge of developing regulatory concepts and processes that are sufficiently robust to be AI inclusive was considered as central to the outcomes. Based on the available evidence, the EUDF working group believes that AI-CDSS will deliver benefits for people with diabetes, although there are clear challenges to moving AI-CDSS into the practical clinical space. To encourage debate on how this can be achieved safely and effectively, at the conclusion of the process a series of 14 recommendations was agreed using a nominal group technique and Delphi methodology, which are discussed in context in this article.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceDecision Support Systems, ClinicalDiabetes MellitusHealth PersonnelConsensusDelphi TechniqueEuropeHumansArtificial intelligenceClinical decision supportDiabetes clinical practiceEuropean UnionRegulatory process

Identifiers

PMID41247494
PMCPMC12779661

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.