Evidence mapPaperPMID 41247582Full record

ReviewCurrent atherosclerosis reports2025

Ancestral Variation in Lp(a): Epidemiology, Isoform Diversity, and Testing.

Priyansh Shah, Sara King, Sophia Trabanino, Shyon Parsa, Tania Chen, Fatima Rodriguez

Abstract readReview
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In one paragraph

Review in Current atherosclerosis reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Priyansh ShahDepartment of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jacobi Hospital, Bronx, NY, USA.
Sara KingDepartment of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Sophia TrabaninoStanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Shyon ParsaDepartment of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Tania ChenDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cardiovascular Institute, The Center for Digital Health, Mail Code 5687, Stanford University School of Medicine, 453 Quarry Rd, Stanford, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
Fatima RodriguezDepartment of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. frodrigu@stanford.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewThis review aims to explore the epidemiology of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] by its structural and genetic make-up variation amongst ancestry groups. RECENT

findingsLipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a genetically determined lipoprotein particle, causally implicated in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS). Given its genetic basis, studies have shown marked ancestry-related differences in different races and ethnicities. Lp(a) plasma concentrations vary by more than 100-fold among individuals, primarily due to LPA gene polymorphisms and the number of kringle-IV type 2 (KIV2) repeats, which define apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] isoform size. Individuals of African descent have the highest median concentrations, followed by South Asians, with Hispanics/Latinos and East Asians having lower levels. Admixed populations display heterogeneity reflecting genetic ancestry. Despite differences in absolute levels, the relative ASCVD risk per unit increase in Lp(a) is consistent across groups, highlighting the universal atherogenicity of elevated Lp(a). Small apo(a) isoforms are associated with higher Lp(a) concentrations and risk, though isoform size is mainly a surrogate for Lp(a) burden. Despite a strong genetic basis and disproportionate burden in some populations, ancestry-specific testing guidelines are limited and testing rates remain low. Therapies targeting LPA transcription are in development, with outcome trials underway. Integrating ancestry-informed perspectives with universal risk principles is essential for equitable prevention and treatment. Routine, one-time Lp(a) testing enables cost-effective early risk stratification as Lp(a)-directed therapies emerge.

Indexed as

Aortic Valve StenosisAtherosclerosisLipoprotein(a)Genetic VariationHumansProtein IsoformsLipoprotein(a)Protein IsoformsAncestryCardiovascular disease riskGeneticLipidLp(a)

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.