ArticleDigestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Risk Factors for Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Population-Based Cohort Study of Sex-Specific Associations.
Article in Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
<p>Introduction: Risk factors for rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) have rarely been reported in large-scale cohort studies, although previous cross-sectional research has reported some associations. We aimed to clarify the sex-specific contributing factors for rectal NETs.
methodsWe conducted a population-based cohort study, including individuals without previously diagnosed cancer and NETs who underwent national health examinations and cancer screenings in 2010, with follow-up until 2017.
resultsAmong 5.521 million, 2,342 patients with rectal NETs were identified. In the adjusted analysis, male sex (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-1.43), current smokers (aHR 1.15), past smokers (aHR 1.16), and obesity (aHR 1.50; 95% CI: 1.03-2.20) were significantly associated with elevated risk of rectal NETs. Frequent alcohol consumption was linked to rectal NETs in a dose-response relationship (aHR 1.37 for 1/week, 1.49 for 2-3/week, and 1.56 for 4-5/week). In men, current smokers, frequent alcohol intake, and obesity (HR 2.63; 95% CI: 1.44-4.80) were associated with elevated risk of NETs, while waist circumference also showed a significant trend (p for trend < 0.001). In women, past smokers (aHR 1.76) and alcohol intake were associated with rectal NETs. Younger age was a risk determinant in both men and women.
conclusionYounger age, smoking, and frequent alcohol intake were associated with increased rectal NET risk in both sexes. Obesity conferred a strong excess risk only in men but not in women. Due to observational study, causality cannot be inferred. </p>.
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