Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41248420›Full record

ArticleCancer research2026

CRISPR-Cas9 Screening Identifies Resistance Mechanisms to KRAS Inhibition in Pancreatic Cancer.

Szu-Aun Long, Haley Todd, Grace Goodhart, Wen-Hsuan Chang, Amber M Amparo, Rachel Bridgens, Julien Dilly, Se Jun Park, Robert M Beal, Sara M Shehadeh and 15 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors.

Szu-Aun LongDepartment of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.ORCID 0000-0001-5552-7115
Haley ToddCancer and Cell Biology Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.ORCID 0009-0009-3951-2568
Grace GoodhartDepartment of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.ORCID 0009-0004-8549-8852
Wen-Hsuan ChangLineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.ORCID 0000-0002-5751-6345
Amber M AmparoDepartment of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.ORCID 0000-0003-3805-746X
Rachel BridgensDepartment of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.ORCID 0000-0002-1053-620X
Julien DillyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.ORCID 0000-0002-4006-5285
Se Jun ParkCancer Research Scholars Program, University of Cincinnati College of Allied Health Sciences, Cincinnati, Ohio.ORCID 0009-0005-1949-4789
Robert M BealCancer and Cell Biology Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.ORCID 0009-0004-9553-962X
Sara M ShehadehCancer and Cell Biology Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.ORCID 0009-0000-0129-3157
Megan A SatyadiDepartment of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.ORCID 0000-0001-7596-729X
Vidushi K TrivediCancer and Cell Biology Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.ORCID 0009-0004-2880-0701
Sarah E AckermannDepartment of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.ORCID 0000-0002-6898-7361
Raivath MukherjeeCancer Research Scholars Program, University of Cincinnati College of Allied Health Sciences, Cincinnati, Ohio.ORCID 0009-0000-1343-1051
Craig M GoodwinLineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.ORCID 0000-0003-1293-2334
A Cole EdwardsDepartment of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.ORCID 0000-0001-9220-9642
Clint A StalneckerLineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.ORCID 0000-0002-0570-4416
Kenneth D GreisUniversity of Cincinnati Proteomics Laboratory, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.ORCID 0000-0002-5316-3351
Andrew J AguirreDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.ORCID 0000-0002-0701-6203
G Aaron HobbsDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.ORCID 0000-0002-4751-9681
Kirsten L BryantLineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.ORCID 0000-0003-4026-0942
Syed A AhmadDepartment of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.ORCID 0009-0007-3489-411X
Adrienne D CoxLineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.ORCID 0000-0002-4901-2454
Channing J DerLineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.ORCID 0000-0002-7751-2747
Andrew M WatersDepartment of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.ORCID 0000-0002-6058-5878

Funding

An Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry System for the University of Cincinnati Proteomics LaboratoryS10OD026717 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI · PI GREIS, KENNETH DONALD · 2019 to 2019
$816k
Identification of resistance mechanisms to direct KRAS inhibition in pancreatic cancerK22CA276632 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI · PI WATERS, ANDREW M · 2023 to 2025
$576k
American Cancer Society (ACS) IRG-23-1141524American Cancer Society (ACS) PF-23-1072348-01-CDPNational Cancer Institute (NCI) K22CA276632National Cancer Institute (NCI) P01CA203657National Cancer Institute (NCI) P50CA196510National Cancer Institute (NCI) P50CA257911National Cancer Institute (NCI) R01CA42978National Cancer Institute (NCI) R25CA261610National Cancer Institute (NCI) R35CA232113National Cancer Institute (NCI) R37CA251877National Cancer Institute (NCI) T32CA244125National Cancer Institute (NCI) U01CA199235National Institutes of Health (NIH) S10OD026717NCI NIH HHS K22 CA276632Pancreatic Cancer Action Network (PCAN) 15-90-25-DERPancreatic Cancer Action Network (PCAN) 22-WG_DERBPancreatic Cancer Action Network (PCAN) 23-MF-DILLU.S. Department of Defense (DOD) W81XWH2110692
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

KRAS inhibitors (KRASi) targeting various KRAS mutations have entered clinical trials for pancreatic cancer. Despite promising preliminary clinical responses, most patients relapse due to intrinsic or acquired resistance. Thus, combination treatments are essential to extend the efficacy of KRAS-targeted therapies. To further determine the genetic mechanisms of KRASi resistance, we performed KRASi-anchored CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function screens in KRASG12D-, KRASG12C-, KRASG12R-, and KRASQ61H-mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines, using six KRASi, to identify genes that modulate sensitivity to KRAS inhibition. Several hits from the screens, including EGFR, CK2, p110α, p110γ, and YAP, were validated by combining targeted inhibitors with KRASi. KRASQ61H-mutant PDAC cell lines were intrinsically less dependent on KRAS for survival than other KRAS mutational subtypes. Furthermore, the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib synergized with the RAS(ON) multiselective inhibitor RMC-7977 in KRASQ61H-mutant PDAC cell lines and in cell lines with highly active EGFR by mitigating ERK rebound activity. KRASi-resistant cell lines featured sustained ERK/MAPK dependence despite decreased ERK activity. Together, these findings enhance the understanding of intrinsic and acquired resistance to KRASi and identify therapeutic vulnerabilities that can potentially be exploited for KRASi combination therapies in patients with pancreatic cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: A comprehensive assessment of genetic modulators of KRAS inhibitor sensitivity identifies combination approaches to increase the efficacy of KRAS inhibitors and demonstrates the limited response of KRASQ61H-mutant cancer cells to KRAS inhibition.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, Pancreatic DuctalCRISPR-Cas SystemsDrug Resistance, NeoplasmPancreatic NeoplasmsProtein Kinase InhibitorsProto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)Cell Line, TumorErlotinib HydrochlorideHumansMutationErlotinib HydrochlorideKRAS protein, humanProtein Kinase InhibitorsProto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)

Identifiers

PMID41248420
PMCPMC13053059

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.