Evidence mapPaperPMID 41249613Full record

ReviewClinical and experimental medicine2025

The gut-bone axis in ankylosing spondylitis: mechanistic insights and the translational gap.

Xuhong Zhang, Lu Jia, Xueni Lin, Lamei Zhou

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical and experimental medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Xuhong ZhangDepartment of Rheumatology, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, WuXi, China.
Lu JiaDepartment of Rheumatology, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, WuXi, China.
Xueni LinDepartment of Rheumatology, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, WuXi, China.
Lamei ZhouDepartment of Rheumatology, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, WuXi, China. lameizhou@126.com.

Funding

Wuxi Taihu Lake Talent Plan, Supports for Leading Talents in Medical and Health Profession No. 202101
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The gut-bone axis is pivotal in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), with gut dysbiosis and mucosal immune activation driving skeletal pathology. However, translating these mechanistic insights into effective therapies remains challenging. This review critically analyzes this translational gap, arguing that the therapeutic paradoxes seen with cytokine inhibitors and microbiome-targeted therapies are a direct consequence of the disease's significant variability. We focus on the unexpected failure of IL-23 inhibitors and the dual effects of IL-17 blockade to illustrate the need for a nuanced understanding of tissue-specific immunity. We then propose a biomarker-driven, AI-assisted therapeutic framework that integrates multi-omic data to personalize AS treatment, aiming to bridge the gap between mechanistic insights and clinical success and offer a path toward progression-free remission.

Indexed as

Bone and BonesGastrointestinal MicrobiomeSpondylitis, AnkylosingDysbiosisHumansInterleukin-23Interleukin-23Ankylosing spondylitisArtificial intelligenceCytokine inhibitorsGut-bone axisMicrobiome modulationPrecision medicine

Identifiers

PMID41249613
PMCPMC12628479

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.