ReviewClinical and experimental medicine2025
TMB as a predictive biomarker for ICI response in TNBC: current evidence and future directions for augmented anti-tumor responses.
Review in Clinical and experimental medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Navigating toxicity in lung cancer immunotherapy: challenges and advances in Nano medicine drug delivery.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2026Review
- Advancements in Immune Checkpoint-Based Immunotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Identification of a prognostic model using immune related genes combined with tumour mutational burden and T cell infiltration in triple-negative breast cancer.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- State-Aware RNA Biomarkers in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC): Integrating Tumor Plasticity, Spatial Architecture, and Temporal Monitoring.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Breast cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms of immune evasion, biomarkers, and emerging therapeutic strategies.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Machine learning-based models for tumor mutation burden prediction in gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Identification of RNA processing-related gene-based bladder cancer subtypes for prognosis and immune landscape assessment.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- Review
- Review
- Artificial intelligence-enabled multi-omics biomarkers for immune checkpoint blockade: mechanisms, predictive modeling, and clinical translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Precision immuno-oncology in NSCLC: integrating ADCs, therapeutic vaccines, and adoptive cell therapies for next-generation systemic treatment.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The cardinal features of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are that it is aggressive and does not express estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, presenting significant therapeutic challenges. Recent advances have identified immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), especially anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents, as promising treatments for TNBC. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) has been implicated as a promising approach for predicting ICI responses. This review examines the current evidence in favor of TMB as a biomarker, its relationship with ICI efficacy, and future directions in TNBC therapy. We explore the mechanisms linking high TMB to enhanced neoantigen presentation, which leads to improved immune responses and better patient outcomes with ICIs. Additionally, we discuss the role of combination therapies involving ICIs with chemotherapy or poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, and how TMB can guide treatment personalization in TNBC. While TMB shows promise, further research is needed to establish standardized measurement techniques and cutoffs, enhancing its clinical utility in predicting ICI response. Future studies focusing on tumor microenvironment interactions and resistance mechanisms are crucial for advancing precision oncology in TNBC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.