Evidence mapPaperPMID 41250042Full record

ArticleBMC public health2025

Acceptance of healthcare services based on the large language model in China: a national cross-sectional study.

Haoze Li, Shimo Zhang, Liyuan Tao, Xi Li, Jue Liu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Haoze Li *Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
Shimo Zhang *Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
Liyuan TaoCenter for Data Science in Clinical Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
Xi LiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China. lixi2024@bjmu.edu.cn.
Jue LiuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China. jueliu@bjmu.edu.cn.

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2021ZD0114101National Natural Science Foundation of China 72474005
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIncreasing public acceptance of medical large language models will be beneficial for further leveraging their potential in reducing medical costs and improving efficiency. The objective of our research is to figure out the acceptance of healthcare services based on large language models in China, and to determine the demographic characteristics and related cognitive factors associated with it.

methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in 31 provinces in mainland China through an online survey using the China network questionnaire platform (Wen Juan Xing). The data was collected from April 21 to May 13, 2025. The report analysis period was from May to August 2025. We initially set the sample size at 3,000 people, and rounded up based on the preliminary calculation results. The proportion of questionnaires distributed in each province was the same as the proportion of the reported population in each province. A total of 3,148 valid questionnaires were ultimately collected. The main outcome was the acceptance of medical large language models. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were performed to explore the associations between individual factors and the acceptance.

resultsAmong 3,148 Chinese residents, 57.9% (95% CI: 56.22-59.66%) were willing to accept healthcare services based on large language models. In the multivariate logistic regression model, acceptance of large language models for healthcare services was significantly associated with being male (aOR = 1.216, 95% CI: 1.028-1.438), high awareness of artificial intelligence (aOR = 2.386, 95% CI: 1.911-2.980), and low concern about fairness (aOR = 2.233, 95% CI: 1.037-4.809) and privacy disclosure (aOR = 3.805, 95% CI: 2.139-6.767).

conclusionIncreasing public exposure to large language models through formal and official channels may help enhance the acceptance of healthcare services based on large language models.

Indexed as

LanguagePatient Acceptance of Health CareAdolescentAdultAgedChinaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansLarge Language ModelsMaleMiddle AgedSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultAcceptanceAssociated factorsHealthcare serviceLarge language model

Identifiers

PMID41250042
PMCPMC12625352

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.