Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41250068›Full record

ArticleBMC biology2025

Patrilineages of ethnolinguistically diverse populations reveal multifactorial influences on Chinese paternal population stratification.

Ting Yang, Yunhui Liu, Shuang Zou, Xiangping Li, Zhiyong Wang, Lintao Luo, Renkuan Tang, Chao Liu, Liping Hu, Guanglin He and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

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2citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Ting YangSchool of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.
Yunhui LiuInstitute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
Shuang ZouDepartment of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, China.
Xiangping LiSchool of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.
Zhiyong WangInstitute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
Lintao LuoInstitute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
Renkuan TangDepartment of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400331, China.
Chao LiuAnti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510230, China.
Liping HuSchool of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China. ping772150@163.com.
Guanglin HeInstitute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China. Guanglinhescu@163.com.
Shengjie NieSchool of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China. nieshengjie@126.com.
Mengge WangInstitute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China. Menggewang2021@163.com.

Funding

The 1‧3‧5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence at West China Hospital, Sichuan University ZYJC20002the Center for Archaeological Science of Sichuan University 23SASA01the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant No. 82402203 and 82202078the National Social Science Foundation of China Major Project Grant No. 23&ZD203the Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of the Ministry of Public Security Grant No. 2024FGKFKT02the Sichuan Science and Technology Program 2024NSFSC1518the Yunnan Provincial Department of Education Scientific Research Fund Grant No. 2025Y0400
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLarge-scale Y-chromosome genetic resources provide critical insights into human evolutionary history. However, the limited high-density Y-chromosomal data from ethnolinguistically diverse Chinese populations hinder the reconstruction of fine-scale population stratification and the exploration of its complex influencing factors.

objectivesWe report microarray-based high-density Y-SNP data from 5311 unrelated males in the pilot phase of the 10K Chinese People Genomic Diversity Project (10K_CPGDP) and merge it with spatiotemporally high-coverage reference data from both ancient and modern individuals from public sources and the Huaxi Biobank dataset.

resultsWe identified clear north-south and west-east genetic substructures among Chinese populations, reflecting distinct regional genetic origins and migration patterns. We illuminated how multiple cultural and demographic factors, including subsistence strategies, language barriers, and geographic isolation, have shaped the Chinese paternal population dynamics via genetic diversity analysis coupled with phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses. Paternal genetic diversity followed complex patterns, with a haplogroup frequency spectrum and a variation-based phylogenetic tree indicating that more than 95% of paternal lineages belong to haplogroups O, C, N, D, and Q. The phylogeographic analysis revealed distinct regional distributions of haplogroups linked to subsistence strategies and ancestral population dispersal. The predominance of Neolithic farmer-related lineages suggested that the spread of ancestral agricultural populations promotes population differentiation between ancient northern and southern East Asians. We observed significant lineage sharing between Han Chinese and ethnic minority groups, with the northwestern paternal gene pool contributing lineages associated with farming and herding. Spatial autocorrelation and principal component analyses revealed genetic connections between the Han Chinese and ethnic minorities, highlighting paternal population substructures shaped by complex admixture and migration patterns that align with geographical and linguistic divisions.

conclusionsThese findings support the influence of the farming-language dispersal hypothesis on Chinese paternal lineage formation and underscore the role of geographic and linguistic isolation in shaping the genetic landscape. This study demonstrates the unique value of large-scale Y-chromosome data in uncovering human evolutionary complexity.

Indexed as

Chromosomes, Human, YEast Asian PeopleGenetic VariationChinaGenetics, PopulationHaplotypesHumansMalePhylogenyPhylogeographyPolymorphism, Single NucleotideEast–West divergenceEvolutionary historyPopulation substructureSouth–North divergenceY-chromosome patrilineages

Identifiers

PMID41250068
PMCPMC12625027

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.