Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for recurrent implantation failure: the results of a 5-years cohort study.

Islam Elkhateb, Radwa Fahmy, Wafaa Ramadan, Ahmed Mourad, Nihal M El-Demiry, Amal Shohayeb

Registry-linked trialAbstract readObservational Study

In one paragraph

Observational study in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04998279 (Intrauterine Infusion of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor and Reproductive Outcomes in Infertile Women with History of Recurrent Implantation Failure), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04998279 completednot on this map

Intrauterine Infusion of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor and Reproductive Outcomes in Infertile Women with History of Recurrent Implantation Failure

TypeobservationalSponsorCairo UniversityRan2019 to 2024Enrolled100ConditionsRecurrent Implantation Failure, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor, InfertilityArmsGranulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor, placebo

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

The Role of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Endometrial Preparation for Embryo Implantation in In Vitro Fertilization.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
Review

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Islam ElkhatebDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Students' Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. islam.t.elkhateb@residents.kasralainy.edu.eg.

Radwa FahmyDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

Wafaa RamadanDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

Ahmed MouradDepartment of Dermatology, Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

Nihal M El-DemiryDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

Amal ShohayebDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite the significant progress in the management of infertility, recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is yet a challenge for infertility physicians. It has a deep financial and psychological impact on RIF patients. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has emerged as a chemical that can increase embryo implantation and clinical pregnancy rates in patients with RIF. This ambispective observational cohort study was carried out at the IVF unit of Cairo University Kasr Alainy Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital between October 2019 and September 2024. All RIF patients who underwent fresh embryo transfer (ET) from 10/2019 to 9/2023 were treated with intrauterine (IU) infusion of G-CSF after oocyte pick-up and during the mock ET test, three days before fresh ET. The outcomes of RIF patients who had fresh ET before and after these dates were recorded and used as the control group. We excluded patients who were very old in age (> 42 years old) as well as those who had significant uterine, immunological or genetic factors that might affect implantation. We analyzed 40 patients in the study group and 39 in the control group. The study group had higher IU clinical pregnancy (27.5% vs. 17.9%) and chemical pregnancy rates (35% vs. 23%), but neither was statistically significant (P = 0.28 and P = 0.243, respectively). The implantation rate was significantly higher in the study group (0.33 ± 0.25 vs. 0.33 ± 0.08, P = 0.04). First-trimester abortion was lower in the study group (18.2% vs. 42.9%), but not statistically significant (P = 0.25). Endometrial thickness increased by 1.15 ± 1.5 cm in the study group; data for this variable in the control group were poorly documented. IU G-CSF administration in idiopathic RIF patients before undergoing fresh ET improved implantation rates, while it did not alter clinical or chemical pregnancy or first-trimester abortion rates.Trial registration: This study was registered with the identifier NCT04998279 on 26/7/2021 in the National Library of Medicine registry (clinicaltrials.gov).

Indexed as

Embryo ImplantationGranulocyte Colony-Stimulating FactorInfertility, FemaleAdultCohort StudiesEmbryo TransferFemaleFertilization in VitroHumansPregnancyPregnancy RateGranulocyte Colony-Stimulating FactorAssisted reproductive techniquesEmbryo implantationFilgrastimGranulocyte colony-stimulating factorPregnancy rates

Identifiers

PMID41254175

DOI10.1038/s41598-025-24587-3

PMCPMC12627458

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

NCT04998279ClinicalTrials.gov

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.