Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41254326›Full record

SynthesisReviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders2026

Optimal dose and effectiveness of different types of physical activity to improve blood pressure in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Francisco Álvarez-Barbosa, Javier Ramos-Munell, Jesús Del Pozo-Cruz, Borja Del Pozo Cruz, José Luis Ceballos-Sánchez, Daniel Gallardo-Gómez

Erratum issuedAbstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-AnalysisReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Francisco Álvarez-BarbosaDepartment of Physical Education and Sport, University of Seville, C/Pirotecnia S/N; 41013, Seville, Spain. falvarez5@us.es.ORCID 0000-0001-9107-0618
Javier Ramos-MunellEpidemiology of Physical Activity and Fitness Across Lifespam Research Group (EPAFit), University of Seville, Seville, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-2628-1184
Jesús Del Pozo-CruzDepartment of Physical Education and Sport, University of Seville, C/Pirotecnia S/N; 41013, Seville, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-8553-5818
Borja Del Pozo CruzEpidemiology of Physical Activity and Fitness Across Lifespam Research Group (EPAFit), University of Seville, Seville, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-3944-2212
José Luis Ceballos-SánchezEpidemiology of Physical Activity and Fitness Across Lifespam Research Group (EPAFit), University of Seville, Seville, Spain.ORCID 0009-0002-1608-634X
Daniel Gallardo-GómezEpidemiology of Physical Activity and Fitness Across Lifespam Research Group (EPAFit), University of Seville, Seville, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-3029-026X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

People with type 2 diabetes have higher rates of hypertension compared to the general population, Current guidelines do not consider the baseline blood pressure for activity prescription. This study aimed to evaluate and compare effects of different physical activity modalities on blood pressure in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus considering baseline blood pressure levels and exploring the dose-response relationship. A systematic search was performed in CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus, SportDiscus and WOS databases to June 2025. A dose-response network meta-analysis of 71 trials (3,970 participants) was conducted. Studies included individuals with type 2 diabetes who underwent any physical activity intervention with reported blood pressure outcomes. Meta-regressions included baseline blood pressure as a covariate. Aerobic activity significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) in stage 1 (-5.37 mmHg) and stage 2 hypertension (-8.32 mmHg). Mind-body activities showed notable effects, particularly in more severe hypertension (-13.35 mmHg). Resistance training was most effective for elevated SBP. Both aerobic and mind-body exercises improved diastolic blood pressure (DBP). A significant overall dose-response association was found, but it was not maintained when analyses were stratified by exercise modality, indicating that the observed benefits likely reflect overall physical activity exposure rather than modality-specific effects. Resistance training may be most effective for elevated SBP, aerobic activity for stage 1-2 systolic hypertension, and mind-body therapies for more severe diastolic hypertension. Optimal effects were achieved at approximately 826 and 994 METs-min/week for SBP and DBP, respectively.

Indexed as

Blood PressureDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2ExerciseExercise TherapyHypertensionHumansNetwork Meta-Analysis as TopicDiastolic blood pressureExerciseMeta-analysisSystolic blood pressureType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41254326

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.