Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41254367›Full record

ArticleNature methods2025

Multiplexed ultrasound imaging of gene expression.

Nivin N Nyström, Zhiyang Jin, Marisa E Bennett, Ruby Zhang, Margaret B Swift, Mikhail G Shapiro

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature methods, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Protein engineering: status report.Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Nivin N NyströmDivision of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Zhiyang JinDivision of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Marisa E BennettDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Ruby ZhangDivision of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-4410-945X
Margaret B SwiftDivision of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Mikhail G ShapiroDivision of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. mikhail@caltech.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0291-4215

Funding

Biogenic Gas Nanostructures As Molecular Imaging Reporters For UltrasoundR01EB018975 · NIBIB · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI Mikhail Shapiro · 2014 to 2026
$5.9M
NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB018975
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Acoustic reporter genes (ARGs) have enabled imaging of gene expression with ultrasound, which provides high resolution access to deep, optically opaque living tissues. However, unlike their fluorescent counterparts, ARGs have so far been limited to a single 'sound', preventing multiplexed imaging of cellular states or populations. Here we use rational protein design and directed evolution to develop two new ARGs that can be distinguished from each other based on their acoustic pressure-response profiles, enabling 'two-tone' ultrasound imaging of gene expression. We demonstrate the utility of multiplexed ARGs for delineating bacterial cell species and cell states in vitro, and then apply them towards imaging distinct subpopulations of probiotics in the mouse gastrointestinal tract and of tumor-colonizing bacterial agents in vivo. Just as the first wavelength-shifted derivatives of fluorescent proteins opened a vivid world for optical microscopy, our next-generation acoustic proteins set the stage for a rich symphony of ultrasound signals from living subjects.

Indexed as

Gene ExpressionGenes, ReporterAnimalsGastrointestinal TractHumansMiceUltrasonography

Identifiers

PMID41254367
PMCPMC12695634

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.