ArticleStem cell research & therapy2025
Synergistic promotion of bone regeneration through co-culture of endothelial cells with mesenchymal stem cells in endochondral ossification organoids.
Article in Stem cell research & therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immunity-and-matrix-regulatory cells promote hyaline-like cartilage repair in osteoarthritis.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Engineering Multiscale Vasculature: Biological Principles, Design Constraints, and Advanced Biofabrication Strategies for Functional Vascular Networks.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Vascularized bone organoids: current advances and a biomimetic platform for osteonecrosis of the femoral head.Bone research · 2026Review
- Recapitulating Endochondral Ossification for Bone Repair: From Development to Engineering Strategy.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Biomaterial-assisted gene therapy for bone repair.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Engineering osteoporosis-related bone organoids: a mechanism-module-functional readout framework for disease modelling and biomarker translation.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEndochondral ossification (ECO) is essential for bone regeneration, involving cartilage formation, hypertrophy, angiogenesis, and ossification. Co-culturing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with endothelial cells (ECs) shows potential to enhance bone regeneration but has not been effectively applied to ECO strategy.
methodsWe examined the synergistic effects of MSCs and ECs on chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis, followed by transcriptomic analysis. ECO organoids were formed in the scaffolds, and a critical-sized calvarial bone defect model was used for in vivo evaluation.
resultsCo-culture of ECs and MSCs promoted osteogenic differentiation and hypertrophic chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. The ECO organoids exhibited enhanced vascularization and improved mineralization. In vivo, the co-culture group showed superior vascularization and bone repair compared to the MSCs-only group.
conclusionsCo-culturing ECs with MSCs in ECO organoids enhances bone regeneration, offering a promising alternative to traditional tissue engineering strategies. This approach may improve therapeutic outcomes by promoting endochondral bone formation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.