Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41255140›Full record

ReviewSmall methods2026

Multiscale Engineering of Ion-Conducting Gels for Sustainable Bioelectronic Systems.

Ji Hong Kim, Won Hyuk Choi, Jong Hwi Kim, Yoseph Park, Seonghwan Yun, Tae-Il Kim, Do Hwan Kim

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Small methods, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ji Hong KimDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
Won Hyuk ChoiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
Jong Hwi KimDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
Yoseph ParkDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
Seonghwan YunDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
Tae-Il KimSchool of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
Do Hwan KimDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3003-8125

Funding

Basic Science Research Programs RS-2024-00405818Basic Science Research Programs RS-2025-00515479National R&D Programs 2021M3H4A1A03049075National R&D Programs RS-2022-NR068144National Research Foundation of Korea
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ion-conducting gels are indispensable for bioelectronics, offering softness, high ionic conductivity, and biocompatibility. Nevertheless, sustaining robust performance under physiological conditions demands moving beyond isolated material or device innovations to a unified, multiscale design approach. At the material level, advances in polymer network engineering enable precise tuning of ion mobility, retention, and electrochemical stability, while simultaneously imparting mechanical toughness, hydration preservation, and self-healing. At the device level, these gels are tailored for seamless electrode integration, ensuring high signal fidelity, low impedance, and stable ionic-electronic coupling under deformation. When integrated into closed-loop architectures encompassing biosignal acquisition, signal processing, and feedback control, ion-conducting gels evolve from passive conductors into active, reconfigurable elements within autonomous diagnostic and therapeutic systems. This review highlights the critical interplay of material design, device integration, and system-level engineering in advancing long-lived, sustainable bioelectronic technologies.

Indexed as

adaptive diagnostics and therapeuticsclosed‐loop bioelectronic systemsimplantable devicesion‐conducting gelsustainable bioelectronics

Identifiers

PMID41255140
PMCPMC12893268

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.