Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41255225›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026

A Closed-Loop-Capable Neural Interface Platform for Deep Brain Modulation via Integrated Non-Viral Gene Delivery, NIR Optogenetics, and Electrophysiological Recording.

Chao-Yi Chu, Zih-Huei Chen, Chun-Wei Liang, Pu-Wei Wu, Wei-Qing Guo, Bo-Wei Chen, Chih-Chia Huang, Ssu-Ju Li, Ching-Wen Chang, Yao-Wen Liang and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Chao-Yi ChuDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, Daxue Rd., Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan, ROC.
Zih-Huei ChenDepartment of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, Daxue Rd., Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan, ROC.
Chun-Wei LiangDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, Daxue Rd., Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan, ROC.
Pu-Wei WuDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, Daxue Rd., Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan, ROC.
Wei-Qing GuoDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, Daxue Rd., Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan, ROC.
Bo-Wei ChenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC.
Chih-Chia HuangDepartment of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Rd., Tainan, 701401, Taiwan, ROC.
Ssu-Ju LiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC.
Ching-Wen ChangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC.
Yao-Wen LiangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC.
Shun-An KanDepartment of Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei, 11217, Taiwan, ROC.
Yu-Chun LoPh.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 12F., Education & Research Building, Shuang-Ho Campus, No. 301, Yuantong Rd., New Taipei, 23564, Taiwan, ROC.
Wei-Chen HuangDepartment of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, Daxue Rd., Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan, ROC.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2772-0468
You-Yin ChenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4869-3857
San-Yuan ChenDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, Daxue Rd., Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan, ROC.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6500-2993

Funding

National Science and Technology Council NSTC-111-2221-E-A49-049-MY2National Science and Technology Council NSTC-111-2314-B-038-059-MY3National Science and Technology Council NSTC-111-2321-B-A49-005National Science and Technology Council NSTC112-2740-M-037-001National Science and Technology Council NSTC-113-2221-E-A49-015-MY2National Science and Technology Council NSTC-113-2622-8-A49-007-TE2
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Closed-loop neuromodulation requires precise, stable, and cell-specific control of neural circuits with minimal invasiveness. However, conventional optogenetic systems are hindered by invasive optical fibers, viral-based gene delivery, and disjointed hardware modules. Here, a multifunctional neural interface integrating non-viral delivery of AAV-derived Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) gene plasmid, fiberless intracranial optogenetic stimulation via externally delivered near-infrared (NIR) excitation, and electrophysiological recording into a single implantable device is reported. The core of this interface is a 3D gold inverse opal (AuIO) microelectrode that provides high surface area, promoting both electroporation-mediated gene transfection and neural signal acquisition. ChR2-expressing plasmid DNA is complexed with polyethyleneimine-neurotensin (NT-PEI) as non-viral gene vectors that are immobilized onto designated electrode sites for neuron-targeted localized gene expression. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) embedded in a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) matrix are precisely integrated onto the microscale AuIO surface via aerosol jet printing, enabling localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-enhanced NIR-to-blue light conversion for remote optogenetic activation. In vivo implantation into the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) demonstrates successful opsin expression and real-time light-evoked neural activity via single surgical step. This all-in-one platform provides a fiber-free, biocompatible neural interface capable of stable in vivo operation for deep-brain optogenetic engineering, paving the way for precision closed-loop neuromodulation.

Indexed as

Deep Brain StimulationGene Transfer TechniquesOptogeneticsAnimalsBrainMiceNeuronselectroporation‐mediated gene deliverygold inverse opal (AuIO)neural interfaceoptogeneticsupconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs)

Identifiers

PMID41255225
PMCPMC12866705

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.