Evidence mapPaperPMID 41255523Full record

ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2025

New approach to optimize therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: the importance of subclassification.

María José Reyes-Medina, Vanesa Cantón-Habas, Francisco Javier Sánchez-Jiménez, Enrique Molina-Hurtado, María Del Pilar Carrera-González

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

María José Reyes-MedinaDepartment of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
Vanesa Cantón-HabasDepartment of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
Francisco Javier Sánchez-JiménezDepartment of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
Enrique Molina-HurtadoCastro del Río Clinic Management Unit, Córdoba Sur Health District, Castro del Río, Córdoba, Spain.
María Del Pilar Carrera-GonzálezMaimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite advances in diagnosis, monitoring, and pharmacological treatment, type 2 diabetes mellitus continues to be associated with a high number of serious microvascular and macrovascular complications. The objective of this review was to explore the usefulness of subclassification based on patient pathophysiology, its implementation in clinical practice, and its potential to tailor available treatments based on the patient's pathophysiological profile, in order to evaluate personalized alternatives that optimize the management of this complex disease. In this sense, patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus could be grouped into seven subgroups: diabetes with pancreatic β-cell deficiency, insulin-resistant diabetes, patients with a combination of deficient insulin secretion and increased resistance, obesity-related diabetes, patients with obesity and a high level of insulin resistance, age-related diabetes, and diabetes with hereditary components. A new algorithm for the stratified diagnostic classification of type 2 diabetes mellitus is presented. According to the reviewed and currently available studies on oral antidiabetics, some drugs may be more effective than others depending on the patient's subgroup. We propose the administration of insulin or secretagogues in pancreatic β-cell deficiency, thiazolidinediones, SGLT-2 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists in insulin resistance, and GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists, GLP-1 receptor agonists or DPP-4 inhibitors depending on the body mass index and the associated risk of hepatic steatosis. Metformin remains recommended as the first-line universal agent across all patient subgroups.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypoglycemic AgentsHumansInsulin ResistanceHypoglycemic Agentsbeta cell deficiencycluster analysisinsulin resistancenew subgroupstreatment algorithm 2024type 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41255523
PMCPMC12620229

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.