ArticleSmall science2025
Fine-Tuning Photochemical Immunogenic Cell Death by a Panel of Verteporfin-Lipid Nanoparticles: A Data-Driven Approach.
Article in Small science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The clinical ionizable lipid SM-102 enhances photochemical immunogenic cell death by verteporfin-conjugated liposomes and improves survival in vivo.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2026Article
- Fine-Tuning Photochemical Immunogenic Cell Death by a Panel of Verteporfin-Lipid Nanoparticles: A Data-Driven Approach.Small science · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is an immunostimulatory process that can be induced by light-activated photosensitizers, but its mechanisms remain unclear, especially with lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations. In this study, a multivariate, data-driven analysis was conducted using a panel of five verteporfin(V)-LNPs to identify the attributes that lead to the greatest photochemically-induced exposure of ICD markers in pancreatic cancer cells. These attributes include varying production of Type I (radicals) or Type II (singlet oxygen) reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon 690 nm activation, localization in different organelles, variable cellular uptake efficiencies, and different phototoxicity levels. Using principal component analysis, we identified that, unexpectedly, Type I ROS is most strongly associated with ICD marker exposure, which leads to dendritic cell activation ex vivo, while Type II ROS shows the weakest association. Furthermore, V-LNP localization in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria is most strongly associated with exposure of ICD markers, while lysosomal localization shows the weakest association. ICD marker exposure is proportional to the degree of phototoxicity and cellular uptake efficiency for all V-LNPs. These findings provide critical insights into the multiparametric mechanism underlying photochemical ICD induced by V-LNPs and can inform the rational design of photochemical LNP constructs for augmenting anticancer immune responses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.