ArticleEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2026
Cognitive impairment, depression, and fatigue in post-COVID and post-vaccination syndrome: a large-scale cross-sectional study.
Article in European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) in Hospitalized and Ambulatory Patients: A Comparative Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Hope of success and fear of failure in post-COVID patients.Health psychology report · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundPersistent cognitive difficulties are among the most prevalent symptoms observed after COVID-19. This study examined the neuropsychological characteristics, mental health and risk factors associated with cognitive impairment in patients with Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). In addition, differences regarding the cognitive dysfunctions between individuals with PASC and Post-Vaccination Syndrome (PVS) were explored.
methodsParticipants were consecutively recruited at the Post-COVID Center of the University Hospital Erlangen in Germany (12/2022-02/2025). Assessments included a broad neuropsychological assessment: d2 Test of Attention, digit span backwards from the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) and module 1 (formal lexical fluency) of the Regensburger Verbal Fluency Test (RWT), along with assessments of depression, fatigue, and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein).
resultsThe sample (N = 793, mean age: 46.1 ± 12.4 years; 66.8% women) included n = 723 PASC patients and n = 70 PVS patients. In the total sample, deficits were most frequent in working speed (61.7%), attention (54.7%) and verbal fluency (48.8%); 30.3% showed multidomain impairment. Clinically significant depressive symptoms (64.5%) and fatigue (92.4%) were common. Cognitive patterns, depressive symptoms and fatigue in the PVS group closely resembled those observed in PASC. In PASC, lower education, older age, depressive symptoms, and elevated CRP were associated with cognitive impairment.
conclusionCognitive impairment is highly prevalent in PASC and PVS and appears to be influenced by both psychological and biological factors. Similar patterns identified in PVS suggest possible shared mechanisms. Further research is needed to clarify trajectories and optimize treatment strategies.
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