Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41258470›Full record

ReviewCommunications medicine2025

A public health perspective of SARS-CoV-2 evolution and surveillance strategies in Germany from 2020 to 2023.

Djin-Ye Oh, Martin Hölzer, Daniela Börnigen, Sofia Paraskevopoulou, Susanne Duwe, Matthias Budt, Romy Kerber, Agata Mikolajewska, Sindy Böttcher, Janna Seifried and 8 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Communications medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Djin-Ye Oh *Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses (FG17), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. OhD@rki.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0541-6155
Martin Hölzer *Genome Competence Center (MF1), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Daniela BörnigenSystems medicine of infectious diseases (P5), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Sofia ParaskevopoulouGenome Competence Center (MF1), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2608-2596
Susanne DuweInfluenza and Other Respiratory Viruses (FG17), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3171-819X
Matthias BudtInfluenza and Other Respiratory Viruses (FG17), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5960-515X
Romy KerberRespiratory Infections (FG36), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8152-8189
Agata MikolajewskaStrategy and Incident Response (ZBS7), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Sindy BöttcherGastroenteritis and Hepatitis Pathogens and Enteroviruses (FG15), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Janna SeifriedInfectious Disease Epidemiology (Dept. 3), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Walter HaasRespiratory Infections (FG36), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Ralf DürrwaldInfluenza and Other Respiratory Viruses (FG17), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3432-0438
Stephan FuchsGenome Competence Center (MF1), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-2699
Stefan KrögerRespiratory Infections (FG36), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9457-4798
Max von KleistSystems medicine of infectious diseases (P5), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6587-6394
Thorsten WolffInfluenza and Other Respiratory Viruses (FG17), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7688-236X
Martin MielkeInfectious Diseases (Dept. 1), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostics and Evolution Working Group at Robert Koch Institute

Funding

Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (Federal Ministry of Health, Germany) D82015, sub-projects C1.1 and C.1.2European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) 101113012European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) ECDC/HERA/2021/008 ECD.12222
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This review summarizes key virological parameters of SARS-CoV-2, the clinical spectrum of COVID-19, antiviral options, resistance, and the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 during the first four years of the pandemic. It draws on evidence that has been continuously updated throughout the pandemic by the interdisciplinary working group 'SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostics and Evolution' at Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Germany's national public health institute. We describe basic SARS-CoV-2 characteristics and highlight notable virus variants from 2020 to mid-2023. During this period, the nationwide collection of SARS-CoV-2 genomes provided a substantial resource for monitoring viral lineage frequencies and mutations. We summarize this dataset to underscore the importance of virological surveillance in the context of public health and pandemic preparedness.

Identifiers

PMID41258470
PMCPMC12618636

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.