Poverty-reduction interventions combined with psychological interventions: A systematic literature review.

Research increasingly indicates that poverty and mental health are causally and bidirectionally related, creating a vicious cycle of disadvantage. We conducted a systematic review with a quantitative summary of effect sizes synthesizing evidence of interventions combining mental health and poverty-reduction components. Seventeen studies were included, spanning diverse populations and contexts. The extracted outcomes were analyzed by outcome type, follow-up duration and comparator in the narrative analysis and forest plots displayed effect estimates by outcome. The most common psychological components were psychosocial interventions delivered by non-specialists, while poverty-reduction components most often involved cash or asset transfers. Combined interventions compared to inactive controls were more consistently associated with improvements in mental health problems, psychological wellbeing and socioeconomic outcomes. Combined approaches demonstrated relatively consistent benefits when compared to psychological-only interventions but showed more mixed results when compared to poverty-reduction components alone, suggesting that the marginal benefit of adding psychological components may be limited and require attention to contextual and implementation factors. Findings highlight the potential of integrated strategies to address both social and psychological determinants of mental health.