ArticleThe Journal of experimental biology2025
Fluid flow and feeding performance in infant mammals: evaluating the impact of nipple design.
Article in The Journal of experimental biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Infant mammals must suckle in order to acquire food. Many factors, including the design of a nipple, impact suckling, and thus can alter feeding performance. For example, feeding on a bottle nipple that has ducts embedded in silicone requires infants to generate suction to acquire milk, whereas a hollow bottle nipple allows infants to express milk via nipple compression. Furthermore, the design of a nipple impacts milk flow, and likely changes the relationships between suction generation, tongue kinematics and milk flow. In this experiment, we designed two ducted bottle nipples with similar properties and flow rates but with different branching patterns (a nipple with multi-level branching ducts and a nipple with a single central channel), and compared feeding performance with a hollow, cisternic nipple. We also experimentally calculated milk flow using a venturimeter attached to the single ducted nipple, while synchronously recording high-speed biplanar videofluoroscopy and intraoral pressure generation in infant pigs, a validated animal model. We found no significant differences between the ducted nipple types, but infants showed greater suction generation, different tongue kinematics and smaller bolus sizes when feeding from the ducted nipples as compared with a hollow, cisternic nipple. We calculated milk flow and volume per suck using the venturimeter, and saw correlations between milk flow rate and both middle tongue translation and intraoral suction generation. Overall, these data demonstrate that nipple design has a profound impact on the relationship between infant feeding physiology and milk flow.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.