ArticleBiology of reproduction2026
Establishment and characterization of a new immortalized human adenomyosis epithelial-like cell line, tAEC21†.
Article in Biology of reproduction, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Adenomyosis occurs when endometrial glands and stroma grow within the uterine myometrium. As a clinically significant disease, adenomyosis causes substantial pelvic pain and heavy menstrual bleeding. It remains understudied due to a lack of translational research tools and model systems. This study aimed to develop a telomerase-transformed, epithelial-like cell line derived from the eutopic endometrium of a subject with focal adenomyosis. De-identified endometrial tissue was processed through mechanical and enzymatic digestion. Epithelial and stromal populations were separated by selective adhesion, followed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting using an epithelial cellular adhesion molecule (EpCAM). EpCAM+ cells were effectively immortalized with the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene. Analyses confirmed the cells were human, free of mycoplasma contamination, and exhibited a unique 16-marker short tandem repeat (STR) profile. Cytogenetic analysis of G-banded metaphase spreads revealed polyploidy with multiple chromosomal rearrangements. The cell line, designated tAEC21, expressed epithelial markers cytokeratin-5 and N-cadherin but not the stromal marker CD10. Cells responded strongly to tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulation by upregulating interleukin-6, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, and mucin 1 gene expression. In a heterotypic, three-dimensional (3D) spheroid model, tAEC21 formed a biologically relevant structure by creating an epithelial shell around the stromal cell core. In both two-dimensional (2D) monolayer and 3D culture, tAEC21 cells responded to 17β-estradiol (E2) but did not respond to progesterone (P4), consistent with the expression of estrogen (ESR1) and progesterone (PGR) receptors. This new epithelial-like, adenomyosis-derived cell line, tAEC21, will be an impactful, biologically plausible research resource.
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