Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41266158›Full record

ArticleSleep health2026

Monitoring sleep duration, timing, and continuity among US youth and adults in NHANES using actigraphy.

Joshua R Freeman, Jennifer Zink, Marissa M Shams-White, Dana L Wolff-Hughes, Wayne R Lawrence, Samuel R LaMunion, Daniel E Russ, Jonas S Almeida, Hyokyoung G Hong, Hayden A Hayes and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Sleep health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Joshua R FreemanMetabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Jennifer ZinkHealth Behaviors Research Branch, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Marissa M Shams-WhiteRisk Factor Assessment Branch, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
Dana L Wolff-HughesRisk Factor Assessment Branch, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Wayne R LawrenceMetabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Samuel R LaMunionEnergy Metabolism Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA.
Daniel E RussData Science and Engineering Group, Trans-Divisional Research Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Jonas S AlmeidaData Science and Engineering Group, Trans-Divisional Research Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Hyokyoung G HongBiostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Hayden A HayesMetabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Pedro F Saint-MauriceMetabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal.
Charles E MatthewsMetabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Electronic address: charles.matthews2@nih.gov.

Funding

Intramural NIH HHS Z99 CA999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesSleep health differs across the life course and by sex, poverty-income ratio (PIR), and race and ethnicity. Monitoring sleep is important for informing interventions to improve sleep heath. Our objective was to explore and describe sleep characteristics among a nationally-representative US sample by age, sex, PIR, and race and ethnicity.

methodsData came from n=13,656 US residents aged 3-80 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2014). Participants wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ on their wrist for ≤7 days to assess sleep. We used GGIR (v. 3.0.0) to derive sleep duration, sleep onset, sleep midpoint, waketime, wake after sleep onset (WASO), and social jetlag. Participant characteristics were self-reported. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS v. 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) and accounted for complex sampling designs. We used Time-Varying Effect Models to model sleep by age.

resultsSleep duration was shorter with greater age. Sleep onset, midpoint, and waketime were latest among those aged 10-30 years. Social jetlag followed a similar distribution. WASO was highest among children and was lower with greater age. Females generally slept more than males. Adults with low PIR tended to have worse sleep compared with adults with higher PIR. Compared with Non-Hispanic White adults, Hispanic, Non-Hispanic Asian, and Non-Hispanic Black adults had shorter sleep duration and higher WASO. Non-Hispanic Black adults had the highest social jetlag.

conclusionsWe described sleep health in the US, including relevant population subgroups. These findings may help prioritize public health interventions to improve sleep health.

Indexed as

ActigraphySleepAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAge FactorsChildChild, PreschoolEthnicityFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNutrition SurveysSex FactorsNationally-representativeSleep healthSurveillance

Identifiers

PMID41266158
PMCPMC13137780

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.