Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41266643›Full record

ArticleNature methods2026

4Pi-SIMFLUX: 4Pi single-molecule localization microscopy with structured illumination.

Qian Wang, Bei Zheng, Zijing Yu, Yajing Zhan, Qiuyang Dai, Xulong Wang, Shuxin Li, Yu Qiao, Linlin Chen, Xiaochun Yu and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature methods, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Qian Wang *College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Bei Zheng *State Key Laboratory of Gene Expression, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
Zijing YuState Key Laboratory of Gene Expression, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-1697-3872
Yajing ZhanState Key Laboratory of Gene Expression, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
Qiuyang DaiState Key Laboratory of Gene Expression, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
Xulong WangState Key Laboratory of Gene Expression, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
Shuxin LiState Key Laboratory of Gene Expression, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
Yu QiaoCollege of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Linlin ChenState Key Laboratory of Gene Expression, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
Xiaochun YuState Key Laboratory of Gene Expression, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
Yu LinZhejiang University-University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China.
Yongdeng ZhangState Key Laboratory of Gene Expression, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China. zhangyongdeng@westlake.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4569-8137

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) has transformed biological imaging by enabling nanoscale visualization of intricate subcellular structures. However, conventional three-dimensional SMLM techniques typically exhibit lower axial resolution than lateral resolution, hindering isotropic investigations. Interferometric approaches, such as 4Pi-SMLM, enhance axial resolution by approximately fivefold through dual-objective coherent fluorescence detection, surpassing lateral resolution. Here we present 4Pi-SIMFLUX, which integrates structured illumination into 4Pi-SMLM to double its lateral resolution, achieving near-isotropic three-dimensional localization precision of 2-3 nm. We demonstrate that 4Pi-SIMFLUX breaks the 10-nm resolution barrier in biological samples, resolving microtubule ultrastructure and nuclear pore complexes with exceptional detail and clarity, while accounting for label size and localization density. Furthermore, it enables simultaneous multicolor imaging for interrogating multiple cellular components and high-fidelity, whole-cell visualization that captures comprehensive spatial organization. 4Pi-SIMFLUX effectively bridges the axial-lateral resolution gap, establishing a robust tool for molecular-scale imaging in complex cellular environments.

Indexed as

Single Molecule ImagingHumansImaging, Three-DimensionalMicroscopy, FluorescenceMicrotubulesNuclear Pore

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.