Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41267049›Full record

ArticleBMC psychiatry2025

The effectiveness of generalist (GIT-PD) versus specialist treatment (MBT/ST) for severe personality disorders (Personality Disorders Access to Effective Treatment, P-DAET): study protocol of a pragmatic randomised controlled non-inferiority multicentre trial.

Christel Bomhof, Jan Philipp Löffler, Suzanne Brugman, Paul Lodder, Arne van den End, Maarten Kornelis van Dijk, Maarten van Westen, Loek van Dam, Ilse Wielaard, Wendy Mensink and 5 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readClinical Trial Protocol
In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06789380 (The), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06789380 narecruitingnot on this map

The (Cost-)Effectiveness of Generalist (GIT-PD) Versus Specialist Treatment (MBT/ST) for Severe Personality Disorders (the P-DAET Study): a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Non-Inferiority Trial.'

TypeinterventionalSponsorArkinRan2024 to 2028Enrolled358ConditionsSevere Personality DisorderArmsSchema therapy, Mentalization-based treatment, Guideline-informed treatment for personality disorders
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Christel Bomhof *Viersprong Institute for Studies on Personality Disorders, Halsteren, The Netherlands. C.A.Bomhof@tilburguniversity.edu.ORCID 0009-0000-1855-0121
Jan Philipp Löffler *Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.ORCID 0009-0008-6399-3093
Suzanne BrugmanGGZ Oost Brabant, Helmond, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-4156-0330
Paul LodderTilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-1300-7853
Arne van den EndArkin NPI, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-2166-870X
Maarten Kornelis van DijkDimence Group, Deventer, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-4147-7003
Maarten van WestenAltrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-7854-9306
Loek van DamArkin NPI, P.O. Box 7031, Amsterdam, JA, 1007, The Netherlands.ORCID 0009-0001-5687-4976
Ilse WielaardDimence Group, Almelo, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-1310-9553
Wendy MensinkAltrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0009-0008-5120-1626
Lieke MuskensGGZ Oost Brabant, Oss, The Netherlands.ORCID 0009-0008-9749-6212
Bregje de MoorGGZ Oost Brabant, Boxmeer, The Netherlands.ORCID 0009-0000-0657-7415
Nathan BachrachTilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-0746-2692
Henricus L VanArkin NPI, P.O. Box 7031, Amsterdam, JA, 1007, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-6491-7238
Joost HutsebautViersprong Institute for Studies on Personality Disorders, Halsteren, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-0189-3771

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPersonality disorders (PDs) are highly prevalent, impairing, and societally burdening conditions which can be treated effectively. Specialist psychotherapies are the first-choice treatment, but accessibility is hampered by implementation and sustainability issues. Manualised generalist treatments were designed as active control conditions to specialist psychotherapies in several effectiveness trials; their comparable performance led to them being regarded as more accessible alternatives to specialist psychotherapies. The Guideline-Informed Treatment for PDs (GIT-PD) is such a generalist treatment, which has shown promise and is broadly disseminated in the Netherlands and Belgium. However, there is an urgent need for controlled head-to-head comparisons of generalist and specialist treatments for PDs. Therefore, this study poses three main questions: 1) Is generalist treatment non-inferior compared to specialist treatment for severe PDs? 2) Is generalist treatment cost-effective compared to specialist treatment? 3) Which combination of patient characteristics predicts differential treatment outcomes between generalist and specialist treatments?

methodsP-DAET is a pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled non-inferiority trial. In total, 358 adult treatment-seeking participants with severe PDs will be included in five Dutch mental healthcare institutions. Participants are equally randomised to manualised generalist (GIT-PD) or specialist treatment (Mentalisation-Based Treatment/Schema Therapy). The primary outcome is improvement in personality functioning, assessed through assessor-blinded clinical interviews and supplemented with self-report questionnaires. Symptom severity and psychosocial functioning are important secondary outcomes. Participants complete assessments at 7 time-points: baseline (T0), 3 (T1), 6 (T2), 12 (T3), 18 (T4), 24 (T5), and 30 months (T6) after the start of treatment. The primary endpoint is at 18 months. An economic evaluation will be executed alongside the RCT. Differential treatment response based on candidate predictors at the patient level will be explored using a personalised advantage index (PAI). DISCUSSION: P-DAET will determine the (cost-)effectiveness of generalist versus specialist treatment for severe PDs. This study will provide novel insights into the applicability of these treatments and their differential treatment response, enabling effective and personalised allocation of limited specialist treatment resources, while contributing to more accessible and good-enough care for individuals with severe PDs.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06789380. Retrospectively registered on February 5, 2025.

Indexed as

Personality DisordersPsychotherapySpecializationAdultCost-Benefit AnalysisEquivalence Trials as TopicFemaleHumansMaleMulticenter Studies as TopicNetherlandsPragmatic Clinical Trials as TopicTreatment OutcomeGeneralist psychotherapyGIT-PDMBTNon-inferiorityRandomised controlled trialSevere personality disordersSpecialist psychotherapyST

Identifiers

PMID41267049
PMCPMC12632134

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.