ArticleAmerican journal of translational research2025
Upregulation of PD-L1 and MMP9 in HR-HPV-associated cervical squamous cell carcinoma: correlation with histological progression and immune microenvironment remodeling.
Article in American journal of translational research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Recent progress and therapeutic strategies in the treatment of cervical neuroendocrine neoplasms (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Review
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7 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the expression and significance of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP3) in HR-HPV-associated cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and precancerous lesions.
methodsA retrospective analysis of 180 cervical cancer and lesion cases were performed, dividing them into a HR-HPV infection group (n=120) and a non-infection group (n=60). Immunohistochemical staining was used to assess the expression of PD-L1, MMP9, and TIMP3 proteins in both groups.
resultsPD-L1 and MMP9 expression was significantly higher in HR-HPV-infected specimens compared to non-infected ones across all lesion grades (P<0.05). Both markers exhibited progressive upregulation correlating with increasing lesion severity from inflammation to low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and CSCC. Quantitative analysis showed significantly higher integrated optical density values of PD-L1 and MMP9 in HR-HPV-positive HSIL and CSCC compared to HR-HPV-negative cases (P<0.05). In carcinoma patients, PD-L1 expression was correlated with HR-HPV infection status and histological grade (P<0.05), while TIMP3 showed an inverse correlation with MMP9 (r=-0.348, P=0.028). ROC analysis demonstrated superior diagnostic performance for PD-L1 (AUC=0.863) and MMP9 (AUC=0.731) compared to TIMP3 (AUC=0.175) in distinguishing CSCC from non-malignant lesions.
conclusionThe expression rates of PD-L1 and MMP9 increased progressively with lesion severity from inflammation through LSIL, HSIL, to CSCC. Additionally, higher-grade cervical squamous cell carcinoma exhibited stronger PD-L1 positivity in HR-HPV-infected cases.
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