ArticleBioactive materials2025
Sulfated chitosan enhances BMP-2-mediated spinal fusion via skeletal stem cell rejuvenation in aging.
Article in Bioactive materials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- PTGIS inhibited osteogenic and promoted angiogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated PI3K/AKT signaling.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
Spinal degenerative diseases in elderly patients often require spinal fusion, but outcomes are limited by an aging microenvironment and stem cell dysfunction or depletion. In this study, we developed a bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)/sulfated chitosan (SCS)/calcium phosphate cement (CPC) composite scaffold to enhance spinal fusion in aged mice. BMP-2/SCS significantly improved spinal fusion success rates (83.3 %) compared to BMP-2 alone (16.7 %) and high-dose BMP-2 (50 %). The BMP-2/SCS group promoted robust new bone formation and H-type vessel development, facilitating vascular-bone coupling in the fusion region. Mechanistically, SCS suppressed BMP-2-induced osteoclast overactivation and reduced MMP-9 secretion, leading to vertebral skeletal stem cell (vSSC) rejuvenation. Rejuvenated vSSCs primarily differentiated into the osteogenic bone/cartilage lineage while stromal lineage differentiation was suppressed. In contrast, co-administration of BMP-2 and alendronate sodium abolished BMP-2-mediated increases in vSSC numbers, vSSC rejuvenation, and bone integration, highlighting the indispensable role of osteoclast activity in BMP-2-induced bone regeneration. Collectively, this study demonstrates that BMP-2/SCS scaffolds effectively reverse age-related deficiencies by creating a rejuvenated bone microenvironment, promoting vascular-bone coupling, and enhancing osteogenesis, offering a promising strategy to improve spinal fusion outcomes in elderly patients.
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