ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor in non-small cell lung cancer: the promise of combination therapy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Osteopontin Promotes Lung Cancer Growth through NF-κB-Dependent Upregulation of PD-L1 and Suppression of Anti-Tumor Immunity.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Research trends in cytokine regulation of immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: a bibliometric and BERTopic analysis from 2015 to 2025.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Immune Cell Therapy Promises More Effective Cure for Medulloblastoma.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- The Treg-cell death axis in lung cancer: implications for immune evasion and novel therapeutic strategies.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- A Study on the Association Between Treatment Response to Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab Combination Therapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Gut Microbiota.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota Biomarkers in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Pharmacological strategies to overcome immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance in non-small cell lung cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has profoundly reshaped the therapeutic landscape of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), heralding a new era of immunotherapy in oncology. However, despite the durable and remarkable clinical benefits observed in a subset of patients, a considerable proportion exhibit primary or acquired resistance, substantially limiting overall therapeutic efficacy. Immune resistance has emerged as one of the central challenges in ICI-based NSCLC treatment, stemming from an incomplete understanding of ICI mechanisms of action and the highly heterogeneous and dynamically complex nature of the NSCLC tumor microenvironment (TME). This review provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying ICI resistance in NSCLC, highlights recent advances in combination therapeutic strategies aimed at overcoming resistance, and discusses the opportunities and challenges associated with their clinical translation and application.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.