Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41270957›Full record

ArticleJournal of advanced research2026

Metagenomic characterization of the resistome, bacteriome and mobilome in raw milk from intensive farming systems.

Yiping Xu, Jie Zhao, Ningxin Huang, Zhengxiao Wang, Lu Liu, Yue Wang, Quanying Qu, Qi Li, Qingli Yang, Guoliang Wang and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of advanced research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Yiping XuCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
Jie ZhaoCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
Ningxin HuangCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
Zhengxiao WangCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
Lu LiuCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
Yue WangCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
Quanying QuCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
Qi LiCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
Qingli YangCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
Guoliang WangInstitute of Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing 100097, China; Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257500, China.
Guiming LiuInstitute of Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing 100097, China.
Qinzhi WangCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China. Electronic address: qzwang91@163.com.
Wei WuCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Institute of Special Food Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China. Electronic address: 201901003@qau.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionIntensive farming, as the dominant paradigm in global dairy production, exacerbates antimicrobial resistance (AMR) risks via concentrated animal operations and routine antimicrobial prophylaxis. Nevertheless, the spatiotemporal dissemination patterns of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in regional intensive dairy systems remain insufficiently elucidated.

objectivesElucidating the spatiotemporal dissemination patterns of ARGs in regional intensive dairy systems by characterizing ARGs across diverse sample matrices.

methodsThis investigation employed an integrated approach, combining metagenomic sequencing with comprehensive experimental validation, including bacterial isolation, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, PCR based detection of ARGs, biofilm formation assays, and conjugation experiments to characterize the antibiotic resistome across 539 samples (encompassing raw milk, forage, water, and breast swabs) collected from 42 intensive farms in Shandong, China.

resultsDY exhibited the most pronounced microbial diversity (16,347 species) and the highest ARG abundance (547 subtypes), which were predominantly β-lactamase genes (56.3 %). Multidrug-resistant determinants were pervasive across all sample types. Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) was identified as a high-risk vector, showing 96.43 % resistance to β-lactam antibiotics and a 25 % rate of multidrug resistance (MDR). Crucially, conjugation experiments confirmed the horizontal transfer of the bla

conclusionThis pioneering regional ARG atlas delineates K. pneumoniae's epidemiological significance in Shandong's intensive dairy continuum. Our findings advocate for precision intervention strategies and establish the utility of metagenomics for operational surveillance.

Indexed as

BacteriaDrug Resistance, BacterialDrug Resistance, MicrobialMetagenomeMetagenomicsMilkAnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBiofilmsCattleChinaDairyingGene Transfer, HorizontalMicrobial Sensitivity TestsAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntibiotic resistance genesFoodborne pathogensGenes transferMetagenomic analysisRaw milk

Identifiers

PMID41270957
PMCPMC13453843

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.