ReviewEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2026
Extracellular vesicles in spine tumors: biological roles, immune modulation, and therapeutic implications.
Review in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Survival and prognostic factors of anaplastic hemangiopericytoma/solitary fibrous tumor grade III.Acta neurochirurgica · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicle-based therapeutic strategies for spinal tumors and associated nerve damage: advances, challenges, and future directions.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spinal tumors, whether primary or metastatic, represent a diverse and clinically challenging group of CNS neoplasms. Recent advances in tumor biology have highlighted extracellular vesicles (EVs) as central to tumor biology. This narrative review aimed to examine the emerging role of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of spinal tumors and metastases, synthesizing data from preclinical and clinical studies. Tumor-derived EVs in spinal tumors modulate oncogenic signaling, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. In meningiomas and schwannomas, EVs influence tumor behavior and offer potential biomarkers such as miR-497 and e-hTERT. In astrocytomas, circulating EV-circRNAs may enable noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring. In neurofibromas, fibroblast-derived EVs enhance tumor proliferation via VEGF delivery. Metastatic spinal tumors exploit EVs to condition pre-metastatic niches and promote osteolytic or osteoblastic changes via specific miRNAs and proteins. Immune modulation by EVs, including M2 macrophage polarization and T-cell suppression further supports tumor growth. Therapeutically, EVs are being explored as vehicles for targeted drug delivery and as targets themselves via inhibition of EV biogenesis or uptake.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41272192What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.