ArticleBMC cancer2025
Hepcidin as an emerging predictor biomarker of leptomeningeal metastases in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Article in BMC cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03252912 (Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers Value), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers Value: Exploratory and Prospective Study in Leptomeningeal Metastases of Breast Cancer (LCS Bio Sein)
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLeptomeningeal metastatic disease (LMD) occurs in 5–19% of solid tumor cases, with breast cancer being a leading cause. Limited penetration of therapeutic agents into the CNS and increased patient survival may contribute to the rising incidence. Diagnosis relies on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology and MRI, but these have limited sensitivity, highlighting the need for improved biomarkers. PATIENTS AND
methodsIn this exploratory study, we examined CSF and serum levels of NfL, GFAP, Tau, and Hepcidin in metastatic breast cancer patients with and without LM included in a prospective study, to evaluate their potential as biomarkers for LMD diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decision-making.
resultsA total of 49 adult patients were included, among which 18 patients (LMD + group) had confirmed LMD based on CSF cytology and 31 were not confirmed as having LMD (LMD- group). In CSF, median concentrations of Hepcidin were 0.3 ng/mL and 1.4 ng/mL in LMD- and LMD + patients, respectively (p < 0.01). Using ROC analysis, the AUC yielded by CSF biomarkers to detect LMD was 0.909 for Hepcidin, 0.841 for proteinorachy, 0.722 for both NfL and GFAP and 0.703 for t-Tau (p < 0.05). The AUC yielded by serum Hepcidin to detect LMD was 0.514.
conclusionsOur findings indicate that CSF Hepcidin exhibits strong diagnostic potential for LMD detection, which could help clinicians in the early identification of this condition.
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