ArticleThe American journal of pathology2026
YAP and TEAD Are Transcriptional Regulators of Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Growth in Carcinoid Cells.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Molecular regulators of variably aggressive carcinoid tumors are unknown. Since carcinoids have low expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP), it was hypothesized that low YAP expression provides a molecular advantage to carcinoids by preventing YAP from binding its partner, TEA domain transcription factor (TEAD). To test this hypothesis, constitutively active YAP and a TEAD-binding defective form of YAP were overexpressed in lung (H727) and pancreatic (BON1) carcinoid cells. It was found that active YAP overexpression inhibited neuroendocrine markers, morphology, cell proliferation, and anchorage-independent cell growth, whereas TEAD-binding defective YAP recovered these features. Through integrated chromatin immunoprecipitation and RNA sequencing analyses, it was found that YAP-TEAD binding down-regulated neuroendocrine transcription factor genes and up-regulated select transforming growth factor (TGF-β) superfamily and Notch genes related to cell growth. It was concluded that low YAP expression permits neuroendocrine differentiation and growth in carcinoid cells by preventing YAP-TEAD binding and subsequent dysregulation of gene targets. These results identify unknown molecular mechanisms in carcinoid development that may apply to the broader family of neuroendocrine cancers.
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